Measurements of the motion of plasma density inhomogeneities in the inner solar wind are presented. The speeds were estimated using a cross-correlation analysis of radio frequency fluctuations of the Galileo spacecraft measured simultaneously at widely spaced ground stations. The radial projections of the correlation baselines on the pattern plane were of the order of several thousand kilometers. For cross-correlation functions calculated with comparatively short averaging times, we find that a pronounced two-velocity configuration is occasionally observed over the range of heliocentric distances 20 R < R < 40 R. The typical mean speed for such observations is about 300–400 km/s and the difference between the two predominant speeds is about 150–200 km/s. These results may indicate that the density fluctuations are associated with slow magnetosonic waves propagating in opposite directions at the local speed of sound in the reference frame moving with the mean solar wind speed. Quite reasonable estimates of the solar wind speed and speed of sound are obtained from this model. Another possible explanation of the two-velocity structures is that two independent solar wind streams are present simultaneously along different segments of the radio ray path. 相似文献
AC generators have adopted transistor volt-age regulators widely traditionally.The researchon the digital voltage regulators has arousedstrong interest[1~ 3] .The digital voltage regula-tors have some advantages on the transistor reg-ulators[4 ] : ( 1 ) They can realize advanced control algo-rithm; ( 2 ) They have communication function; ( 3) They have data record function. Recently,the DSPs ( Digital Signal Proces-sors) have been widely applied in digital controlarea with… 相似文献
There are three major types of solar wind: The steady fast wind originating on open magnetic field lines in coronal holes,
the unsteady slow wind coming probably from the temporarily open streamer belt and the transient wind in the form of large
coronal mass ejections. The majority of the models is concerned with the fast wind, which is, at least during solar minimum,
the normal mode of the wind and most easily modeled by multi-fluid equations involving waves. The in-situ constraints imposed
on the models, mainly by the Helios (in ecliptic) and Ulysses (high-latitude) interplanetary measurements, are extensively
discussed with respect to fluid and kinetic properties of the wind. The recent SOHO observations have brought a wealth of
new information about the boundary conditions for the wind in the inner solar corona and about the plasma conditions prevailing
in the transition region and chromospheric sources of the wind plasma. These results are presented, and then some key questions
and scientific issues are identified.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
An analytical solution is presented for linear force fields within a spherical shell, representing the solar corona. Allowing
for a global magnetic helicity, we find magnetic fields over the entire corona with realistic inner boundary conditions obtained
from transformation and extrapolation of photospheric magnetograms and considering alternative outer boundary conditions.
Such fields are found for the well known coronal hole extension event of August 1996.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
This article deals with application of grooved type casing treatment for suppression of spike stall in an isolated axial compressor rotor blade row. The continuous grooved casing treatment covering the whole compressor circumference is of 1.8 mm in depth and located between90% and 108% chord of the blade tip as measured from leading edge. The method of investigation is based on time-accurate three-dimensional full annulus numerical simulations for cases with and without casing treatment. Discretization of the Navier–Stokes equations has been carried out based on an upwind second-order scheme and k-w-SST(Shear Stress Transport) turbulence modeling has been used for estimation of eddy viscosity. Time-dependent flow structure results for the smooth casing reveal that there are two criteria for spike stall inception known as leading edge spillage and trailing edge backflow, which occur at specific mass flow rates in near-stall conditions. In this case, two dominant stall cells of different sizes could be observed. The larger one is caused by the spike stall covering roughly two blade passages in the circumferential direction and about 25% span in the radial direction. Spike stall disturbances are accompanied by lower frequencies and higher amplitudes of the pressure signals. Casing treatment causes flow blockages to reduce due to alleviation of backflow regions, which in turn reduces the total pressure loss and increases the axial velocity in the blade tip gap region, as well as tip leakage flow fluctuation at higher frequencies and lower amplitudes. Eventually, it can be concluded that the casing treatment of the stepped tip gap type could increase the stall margin of the compressor. This fact is basically due to retarding the movement of the interface region between incoming and tip leakage flows towards the rotor leading edge plane and suppressing the reversed flow around the blade trailing edge. 相似文献
Studying of the coronal plasma associated with long-lived complexes of the solar activity is important for understanding a relationship between the magnetic activity and the solar corona changing during the solar cycle.
In the present paper, two long-lived complexes of the solar activity at the beginning of the current solar cycle 23 are investigated by using the Extreme-Ultraviolet data (EUV) from SOHO/EIT. For this purpose the EIT limb synoptic maps during the CR1916–CR1919 (11 November 1996–1 March 1997) are obtained.
The coronal temperature structures derived from the three lines 171A (Fe IX,X), 195A (Fe XII)and 284A (Fe XV) are investigated by applying an algorithm developed by Zhang et al. [Zhang, J., White, S.M., Kundu, M.R. ApJ 527, 977, 1999]. Standard EIT software are used for the temperature estimation from the ratio of two lines of Fe IX,X and Fe XII.
The method of the rotational tomography with a correction for an inclination of the Earth’s orbit (B-angle) to the helioequator is applied to obtain the three-dimensional (3-D) coronal structure of the complex of the solar activity. The results reveal difference in temperature structures related to multi-poles magnetic structures of the complex of solar activity and to the typical, the bipolar activity complex. 相似文献