几何代数及其在飞行力学中的应用

介绍了几何代数的基本知识,比较了几何代数与矢量代数、四元数的区别和联系,并推导了它们在表示旋转时的互相转换关系,展示了几何代数在描述空间旋转变换时的便利.最后通过相对姿态运动的分析,展示了几何代数在飞行力学中应用的可行性.     

倾转旋翼机转动机构运动学仿真分析

转动机构在倾转旋翼机过渡飞行阶段起着重要作用。为了研究倾转旋翼机转动机构在发动机短舱与旋翼向前倾转90°过程中的运动特征,寻找较为适用的转动模式,以倾转旋翼机转动机构为研究对象,简化机构模型,采用MATLAB软件计算两种转动方案机构的运动学特征,采用LMS软件仿真两种方案机构的转动过程。通过对比分析两种方案的运动学特征图,发现MATLAB和LMS软件得出的两种方案的角速度、速度、角加速度和加速度曲线是一致的,两种方案各有其优势。     

Large-eddy simulation:Past,present and the future

Large-eddy simulation(LES) was originally proposed for simulating atmospheric flows in the 1960 s and has become one of the most promising and successful methodology for simulating turbulent flows with the improvement of computing power. It is now feasible to simulate complex engineering flows using LES. However, apart from the computing power, significant challenges still remain for LES to reach a level of maturity that brings this approach to the mainstream of engineering and industrial computations. This paper will describe briefly LES formalism first, present a quick glance at its history, review its current state focusing mainly on its applications in transitional flows and gas turbine combustor flows, discuss some major modelling and numerical challenges/issues that we are facing now and in the near future, and finish with the concluding remarks.     

红外目标旋转模拟器校准方法的研究设想

文章简要介绍了红外目标旋转模拟器的结构组成、工作原理,给出了红外目标旋转模拟器的目标温度、平均角速度、角速度波动的校准方法,该校准方法能为光电设备的量值溯源提供解决方案.     

Experimental investigations on the power extraction of a turbine driven by a pulse detonation combustor

In order to grasp the interaction mechanism between the pulse detonation combustor（PDC）and the turbine,the experimental work in this paper investigates the key factors on the power extraction of a turbocharger turbine driven by a PDC.A PDC consisting of an unvalved tube is integrated with a turbocharger turbine which has a nominal mass flow rate of 0.6 kg/s and50000 r/min.The PDC-turbine hybrid engine is operated on gasoline-air mixtures and runs for6＋min to achieve a thermal steady state,and then the engine performance is evaluated under different operating conditions.Results show that the momentum difference per unit area between the turbine inlet and outlet plays an important role in the power extraction,while the pressure peak of the detonation has little effect.The equivalence ratio of fuel and air mixture and the transition structure between PDC and turbine are also important to the power extraction of the turbine.The present work is promising as it suggests that the performance beneft of a PDC-turbine hybrid engine can be realized by increasing the momentum difference per unit area through the optimal design of transition section between the PDC and turbine.     

非均匀流场中燃油浓度测量的试验技术

本文设计了在非均匀流场中,能同时测量其速度分布、浓度分布和温度分布的取样感头,建立了相应的测试系统,分析讨论了该系统的测量精度及其影响因素。在常温和高温气流作用下,测量了非均匀流场中燃油浓度分布、速度分布及温度分布。燃油浓度在常温时误差在±10％以内,高温时误差在±6％以内。     

乙醇燃料微型燃气轮机设计

推广生物质燃料在以微型燃气轮机为核心的分布式能源技术中的应用,设计了一种可燃用乙醇燃料的微型燃气轮机.通过整机热力循环参数分析,确定了乙醇燃料微型燃气轮机的设计点参数,并结合乙醇燃料特点,对燃烧室的几何尺寸进行了设计,获得了适用于乙醇燃烧的微型燃气轮机燃烧室技术.初步的整机实验结果表明,该乙醇燃料微型燃气轮机成功实现自行运转,证明了设计方案可行.     

多爆震室串联热射流起爆实验研究

为消除现有脉冲爆震发动机对外部脉冲起爆装置的依赖并提高脉冲爆震燃烧室工作频率,提出了一种多个爆震室封闭串联的多管燃烧室方案,通过管间的射流传递实现爆震室内的快速短距离起爆.实验结果表明,多个爆震室间可以实现逐级射流起爆,并且可以实现快速起爆,起爆所需要的时间约为1.0~1.2ms,起爆距离约为500mm,远远小于火花塞直接点火时的结果.弱火焰射流可以通过逐级增强的方式最终在下游某个爆震单元内形成爆震波.单个爆震室内射流进入和射出的时间间隔可以达到1.2~1.5ms,大约需要8个爆震单元才可能实现爆震波的封闭串联传播.     

点火能量对脉冲爆震发动机性能的影响

针对以汽油-空气为推进剂的吸气式脉冲爆震发动机,研究了点火能量及工作频率对发动机点火-起爆时间和发动机推进性能的影响。结果显示,随着点火能量的提高,点火-起爆时间逐渐减小,脉冲爆震发动机平均推力逐渐增加。随着发动机工作频率的提高,点火-起爆时间也逐渐减小,发动机稳定工作的最佳油气当量比减小,发动机平均推力接近线性增加;但是点火能量对发动机点火-起爆时间的影响随着工作频率的提高而有所降低。     

失速限制型风轮叶片流场的数值模拟

采用双时间步方法在旋转坐标系下求解非定常方程,构造了零偏航条件下风轮叶片流场的数值模拟方法,采用该方法对失速限制型风轮叶片NREL Phase-Ⅵ进行了模拟,其中网格采用重叠网格进行模拟,控制方程为可压缩N-S方程,同时加入了低速预处理技术,模拟的风速范围从13m/s到25m/s,这时候风轮叶片发生失速以限制扭矩输出.本文采用数值方法对风轮叶片在发生失速以后的主要流场特点进行了分析,从风轮扭矩、载荷分布等方面对数值计算结果进行了对比验证.