Large-eddy simulation:Past,present and the future

Large-eddy simulation(LES) was originally proposed for simulating atmospheric flows in the 1960 s and has become one of the most promising and successful methodology for simulating turbulent flows with the improvement of computing power. It is now feasible to simulate complex engineering flows using LES. However, apart from the computing power, significant challenges still remain for LES to reach a level of maturity that brings this approach to the mainstream of engineering and industrial computations. This paper will describe briefly LES formalism first, present a quick glance at its history, review its current state focusing mainly on its applications in transitional flows and gas turbine combustor flows, discuss some major modelling and numerical challenges/issues that we are facing now and in the near future, and finish with the concluding remarks.     

倾转旋翼机转动机构运动学仿真分析

转动机构在倾转旋翼机过渡飞行阶段起着重要作用。为了研究倾转旋翼机转动机构在发动机短舱与旋翼向前倾转90°过程中的运动特征,寻找较为适用的转动模式,以倾转旋翼机转动机构为研究对象,简化机构模型,采用MATLAB软件计算两种转动方案机构的运动学特征,采用LMS软件仿真两种方案机构的转动过程。通过对比分析两种方案的运动学特征图,发现MATLAB和LMS软件得出的两种方案的角速度、速度、角加速度和加速度曲线是一致的,两种方案各有其优势。     

红外目标旋转模拟器校准方法的研究设想

文章简要介绍了红外目标旋转模拟器的结构组成、工作原理,给出了红外目标旋转模拟器的目标温度、平均角速度、角速度波动的校准方法,该校准方法能为光电设备的量值溯源提供解决方案.     

Experimental investigations on the power extraction of a turbine driven by a pulse detonation combustor

In order to grasp the interaction mechanism between the pulse detonation combustor（PDC）and the turbine,the experimental work in this paper investigates the key factors on the power extraction of a turbocharger turbine driven by a PDC.A PDC consisting of an unvalved tube is integrated with a turbocharger turbine which has a nominal mass flow rate of 0.6 kg/s and50000 r/min.The PDC-turbine hybrid engine is operated on gasoline-air mixtures and runs for6＋min to achieve a thermal steady state,and then the engine performance is evaluated under different operating conditions.Results show that the momentum difference per unit area between the turbine inlet and outlet plays an important role in the power extraction,while the pressure peak of the detonation has little effect.The equivalence ratio of fuel and air mixture and the transition structure between PDC and turbine are also important to the power extraction of the turbine.The present work is promising as it suggests that the performance beneft of a PDC-turbine hybrid engine can be realized by increasing the momentum difference per unit area through the optimal design of transition section between the PDC and turbine.     

非均匀流场中燃油浓度测量的试验技术

本文设计了在非均匀流场中,能同时测量其速度分布、浓度分布和温度分布的取样感头,建立了相应的测试系统,分析讨论了该系统的测量精度及其影响因素。在常温和高温气流作用下,测量了非均匀流场中燃油浓度分布、速度分布及温度分布。燃油浓度在常温时误差在±10％以内,高温时误差在±6％以内。     

超声速斜爆震发动机起爆过程研究综述

对超声速斜爆震发动机的起爆方式进行了比较分析,对起爆发展和稳定特性的研究历程和发展现状进行了综述,对相关的研究方法和技术进行了概括,提出了利用先进光学测量技术,结合激光诱导荧光技术对超声速斜爆震发动机起爆过程进行实验研究的设想。     

对转压气机最先失速级的小扰动理论分析

 对转压气机(CRC)由于其独特的气动和结构优势而被认为是进一步提高航空发动机推重比的重要技术途径之一。在小扰动理论的基础上发展了对转压气机旋转失速的小扰动分析方法,并以实验室对转压气机为研究对象,采用小扰动理论和计算流体力学(CFD)数值模拟两种方法对不同转速匹配工况下的最先失速级位置进行了相应的研究,为对转压气机失速边界的预估探索一种快速有效的方法。研究结果表明:①旋转失速的小扰动分析方法可以较好地预估对转压气机失速边界和最先失速级位置;②小扰动分析方法和CFD计算结果均显示:转速匹配方案对对转压气机最先失速级位置存在明显的影响。当转速比大于或等于0.9时,转子2为最先失速级;当转速比小于0.9时,转子1为最先失速级;③由于小扰动分析方法进行了大量的简化,因而使得预估值同实际值之间存在相应的误差。同时,由于对转压气机级间存在较强的非定常性,进而使得相对误差进一步增大。     

爆震室长度对反传影响的数值研究

 对吸气式脉冲爆震发动机(APDE)的反传进行了数值研究,分析了反传的形成及传播特性,得到了爆震室长度对反传的影响。结果表明:反压能够影响整个进气道,缩短爆震室长度有利于降低反压强度。要使反压强度大幅下降,爆震室长度需要大幅缩短。爆震室长度较长时,增长爆震室长度对反压强度影响不大,但会延长进气道的泄压时间。反压会造成进气道内流动反向,反流速度随着爆震室长度增长而增大,爆震室较短时这个趋势更加明显。反传燃气的影响区域明显小于反传压力,当爆震室长度缩短到一定程度时,燃气不会传入进气道。爆震室长度较长时,爆震室上游与进气道下游之间的流道内会出现燃气分布不连续的现象。     

CFD predictions of LBO limits for aero-engine combustors using fuel iterative approximation

Lean blow-out (LBO) is critical to operational performance of combustion systems in propulsion and power generation. Current predictive tools for LBO limits are based on decadesold empirical correlations that have limited applicability for modern combustor designs. According to the Lefebvre’s model for LBO and classical perfect stirred reactor (PSR) concept, a load parameter (LP) is proposed for LBO analysis of aero-engine combustors in this paper. The parameters contained in load parameter are all estimated from the non-reacting flow field of a combustor that is obtained by numerical simulation. Additionally, based on the load parameter, a method of fuel iterative approximation (FIA) is proposed to predict the LBO limit of the combustor. Compared with experimental data for 19 combustors, it is found that load parameter can represent the actual combustion load of the combustor near LBO and have good relativity with LBO fuel/air ratio (FAR). The LBO FAR obtained by FIA shows good agreement with experimental data, the maximum prediction uncertainty of FIA is about ±17.5%. Because only the non-reacting flow is simulated, the time cost of the LBO limit prediction using FIA is relatively low (about 6 h for one combustor with computer equipment of CPU 2.66 GHz · 4 and 4 GB memory), showing that FIA is reliable and efficient to be used for practical applications.     

基于旋转阀的脉冲爆震火箭发动机实验

针对现有条件下电磁阀高频与大流量不可兼得的矛盾,设计了一种凸轮式旋转阀,以此来控制脉冲爆震火箭发动机氧化剂、燃料和隔离气体的间歇式供给.基于该旋转阀,以汽油和富氧空气为推进剂,进行了不同频率下的实验.实验结果表明,推进剂和隔离气供给压力与点火相位直接影响到能否稳定起爆.随着频率的增加,在1～ 10 Hz范围内,降低隔离氮气压力、调整点火相位可实现发动机的稳定工作;10Hz以上时,仅需要提高油气的供给压力.基于该旋转阀控制技术,脉冲爆震火箭发动机实现了工作频率30 Hz的稳定工作.