Effect of Variable Selection on Multidisciplinary Design Optimization： a Flight Vehicle Example

Different multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) problems are formulated and compared. Two MDO formulations are applied to a sounding rocket in order to optimize the performance of the rocket. In the MDO of the referred vehicle, three disciplines have been considered,which are trajectory, propulsion and aerodynamics. A special design structure matrix is developed to assist data exchange between disciplines. This design process uses response surface method (RSM) for multidisciplinary optimization of the rocket. The RSM is applied to the design in two categories: the propulsion model and the system level. In the propulsion model, RSM deter-mines an approximate mathematical model of the engine output parameters as a function of design variables. In the system level, RSM fits a surface of objective function versus design variables. In the first MDO problem formulation, two design variables are selected to form propulsion discipline. In the second one, three new design variables from geometry are added and finally, an optimization method is applied to the response surface in the system level in order to find the best result. Application of the first developed multidisciplinary design optimization procedure increased accessible altitude (performance index) of the referred sounding rocket by twenty five percents and the second one twenty nine.     

Optimization Design System for Composite Structures Based on Grid Technology

To solve the topology optimization of complicated multi-objective continuous/discrete design variables in aircmit structure design, a Parallel Pareto Genetic Algorithm （PPGA） is presented based on grid platform in this paper. In the algorithm, the commercial finite element analysis （FEA） software is integrated as the calculating tool for analyzing the objective functions and the filter of Pareto solution set based on weight information is introduced to deal with the relationships among all objectives. Grid technology is utilized in PPGA to realize the distributed computations and the user interface is developed to realize the job submission and job management locally/remotely. Taking the aero-elastic tailoring of a composite wing for optimization as an example, a set of Pareto solutions are obtained for the decision-maker. The numerical results show that the aileron reversal problem can be solved by adding the limited skin weight in this system. The algorithm can be used to solve complicated topology optimization for composite structures in engineering and the computation efficiency can be improved greatly by using the grid platform that aggregates numerous idle resources.     

"五条归零原则"在间歇性故障处理过程中的应用分析

以执行导弹助推器战斗状态和保险状态转换装置的电动机构在生产中经常出现间隙性故障的处理为例,阐明了驻厂军代表坚持按"定位准确、机理清楚、问题复现、措施有效、举一反三"的五条归零原则,配合并督促生产部门以科学的态度有效地排除故障的具体实践过程.实践证明了推行"五条归零原则"对帮助军代表在生产监造中预防、纠正产品存在的质量问题,对保证装备出厂质量、保障部队使用的积极意义.     

提高大迎角跨声速风洞实验堵塞度的有效途径—采用低超声速喷管

本文介绍用低超声速喷管代替声速喷管,解决了大迎角大堵塞度跨声速实验时的风洞壅塞问题。低超声速喷管可以在大堵塞的实验条件下,形成稳定的低超声速流场,消除风洞在大堵塞度实验时的马赫数空白区,从而使风洞的允许实验迎角和堵塞度范围增加一倍,并且能确保流场达到使用指标。模型实验结果和同一尺寸的模型在口径大一倍风洞中实验结果基本重合。     

渗碳钢在接触疲劳过程中表面层的残余应力

对18Cr2Ni4WA钢表面渗碳层内的残余应力在接触疲劳过程的变化进行了跟踪。钢经930℃ 4h渗碳,850℃二次淬火,170℃ 2h回火,磨削加工后,表面硬度HRC 55～57,直径60mm的滚子试样转速1470r/min,滑差-5％,30号机油润滑,油温35～45℃,最大接触应力2668MPa,不同循环周次后用x射线应力分析仪测定残余应力沿表面层的分布,用x射线衍射仪测定残余奥氏体。结果表明,渗碳硬化处理后,在表面层所形成的残余压力在整个接触疲劳过程中变化不大,残余奥氏体转变、马氏体分解也很少。高的组织稳定性是残余应力稳定的主要原因。     

改善航空发动机特性计算收敛性的方法

详细分析了航空涡轮发动机部件共同工作的非线性方程组的求解收敛性问题,统计出不收敛的类型并分析了不收敛的机理.针对常见的不收敛问题,以牛顿迭代法为基础,分别提出了以发动机部件特性图为基础的独立变量值限制法、独立变量初值拟合法、变步长牛顿法以及部件特性扩展法等解决措施.特性计算程序中采取这些改进的方法后,对某型定几何单轴涡喷发动机和某型尾喷管喉部面积可调的变几何双轴涡扇发动机特性计算结果表明,发动机特性计算的收敛性和收敛速度得到大幅度提高.      

螺旋锥齿轮齿面接触分析改进算法研究

针对现有齿面接触分析(TCA)的不足,提出了螺旋锥齿轮齿面接触分析的改进算法.基于空间曲面啮合原理、Enler-Rodrigues公式以及接触区几何形状的等量关系对齿面接触分析算法进行了改进,通过方程变换,减少了求解接触点位置的非线性方程组维数,由啮合方程求得到初值选取计算公式,使初始值求解有规律可循.以一对弧齿锥齿轮为例,对算法进行了对比分析与验证,结果表明:改进的齿面接触分析算法可减少求解非线性方程组时初值选取的繁复性与增强非线性方程组迭代求解的稳定性;并利用几何等量关系求解接触区几何参数,能避免求解复杂的齿面相对曲率等二阶几何参数.      

叶轮机械中三维跨声速流动的正,反混合问题

文中提出了跨声速叶轮机械中三维流动的一种正、反混合问题。首先，将作者于１９８３年的平面叶栅跨声速流动的正、反混合问题推广到三维流动情况，其中反问题的特点是既能计及叶片的气动性能，又能在一定程度上兼顾强度、冷却、工艺等方面的要求，蕨，由于应用了作用设计的一种适合叶轮机械中三维流动特点的广义ＶｏｎＭｉｓｅｓ坐标系，克服了反问题所特有的不定求解域边界的困难，并将三维正问题分析、叶片的完全三维设计以及三维     

微动疲劳结构应力强度因子有限元分析

 采用ABAQUS软件建立了铝合金的圆柱/平面接触微动疲劳结构有限元全局模型和子模型,运用该模型将计算的应力值与解析解进行比较,结果相当吻合,证明了本文有限元模型及方法的有效性。最后在FRANC2D/L中用接触区的正应力和剪应力代替压头,重建子模型。通过分析得到了不同影响因素下应力强度因子（SIF）随裂纹扩展历程变化规律的曲线。结果表明,外加循环应力是影响SIF的最主要因素,SIF随循环应力的增加而增加。在微动疲劳影响深度区内,SIF随接触压力P、摩擦因数f以及Q/(fP)（Q为切向力）的增加而增加。Q/(fP)的影响最大,摩擦因数的影响最小,接触压力介于二者之间;超过该深度,SIF对其不再敏感。     

图像分析法测量液滴接触角

接触角是表征液体对固体润湿程度的重要参数,本文采用基于Matlab计算软件的图像分析法测量液滴接触角。首先使用图像增强、去噪、锐化手法对CCD采集到的液滴图像进行预处理;再运用Canny多阶段优化算子提取液滴轮廓线;最后以多项式为拟合框架,获得了接触角稳定状态下液滴轮廓区间和接触角测量结果。本文为接触角测量技术提供了一种有效实用的方法。