Fundamentals of Design and Technology of Rolling Element Bearings

This article presents an overview of fundamentals of rolling element bearing designs and technologies. The aim is to outline the complex interrelation of all fundamentals with the rolling contact fatigue and the attainable bearing life. Such fundamentals include, amongst others, bearing stressing and life capability. The article shows the different types of rolling bearing stressing and the analysis of the stress distribution (principal stresses and equivalent stresses) in the material under the rolling contact area. It becomes obvious that the contamination of the bearing with foreign particles leads to a drastic reduction in bearing life. Furthermore, it demonstrates the impact of the bearing lubrication and coating as well as the effect of additives on the attainable life and wear. Further fundamentals of rolling element bearing design are the materials, the material cleanliness and the heat treatment. The article reveals the importance of the cleanliness of bearing steels as well as different types of inclusions and their effect on rolling contact fatigue. Additionally the article describes how to optimize the material properties (strength, toughness and residual stress) by the heat treatment processes. The outcome of these investigations is that endurance life of a rolling element bearing can be achieved if specific operating conditions, an adequate lubrication, good system cleanliness and specific bearing stressing are met. The article provides a guideline for bearing engineers on how designs and technologies can be applied to optimizing a bearing for a particular industry or aerospace application.     

求解流体力学反问题的数学方法及应用

流体力学反问题是一类重要的非线性问题，这类问题在工程中有广泛的应用，如过坝水流问题，给定流量的射流和翼型设计问题。由于这类流动求解区域不确定，导致问题的非线性特征，使数值计算十分困难，本文将以亚、跨声速翼型设计问题为例，提出了一种求解流体力学反问题的新方法。     

刃磨指状齿轮铣刀新方法的研究

本文介绍了采用接触轨迹原理结合自动编程刃磨指状齿轮铣刀的新方法。该方法投资小，使用简便，可以代替手工和靠模的方法刃磨指状齿轮铣刀。     

n阶非线性常微分方程n点边值问题解的存在唯一性

n阶非线性常微分方程n点边值问题解的存在唯一性早在20世纪50年代就有人开始研究，所得结果都是在条件及其复杂，假设了一些边值问题解的存在性或唯一性(甚至包括其自身的)的基础上得到的，这给应用带来了困难。至今还没有人得到条件简单明了的便于应用的存在唯一性定理。这篇文章成功地将上述边值问题转化成了积分方程问题．并利用格林函数，不动点定理得到了较好的存在唯一性结果。为研究n阶非线性常微分方程非线性n点边值问题奠定了基础。     

振荡管内接触面的运动

探讨了振荡管内接触面的运动规律，推导了各种情况下接触面的最大运动距离（Ｌｍａｘ）的计算公式，并详细讨论了有关因素对Ｌｍａｘ的影响。建立了振荡管有关结构参数与流动参数之间的最佳匹配关系。     

Augmented flight dynamics model for pilot workload evaluation in tilt-rotor aircraft optimal landing procedure after one engine failure

An augmented flight dynamics model is developed to extend the existing flight dynamics model of tilt-rotor aircraft for optimal landing procedure analysis in the event of one engine failure.Compared with the existing flight dynamics model, the augmented model involves with more pilot control information in cockpit and is validated against the flight test data. Based on the augmented flight dynamics model, the optimal landing procedure of XV-15 tilt-rotor aircraft after one engine failure is formulated into a Nonlinear Optimal Control Problem(NOCP), solved by collocation and numerical optimization method. The time histories of pilot controls in cockpit during the optimal landing procedure are obtained for the evaluation of pilot workload. An evaluation method which can synthetically quantify the pilot workload in time and frequency domains is proposed with metrics of aggressiveness and cutoff frequencies of pilot controls. The scale of the pilot workload is compared with those of the shipboard landing procedures, bob-up/bob-down and dash/quickstop maneuvers of UH-60 helicopter. The results show that the aggressiveness of pilot collective and longitudinal controls for the tilt-rotor aircraft optimal landing procedure after one engine failure are higher than those for UH-60 helicopter shipboard landing procedures up to the condition of sea state 4, while the pilot cutoff frequency of collective control is lower than that of the bob-up/bob-down maneuver but the pilot cutoff frequency of longitudinal control is higher than that of the dash/quick-stop maneuver. The evaluated pilot workload level is between Cooper–Harper HQR Level 2 and Level 3.     

TOPOLOGY OF CONFIGURATION SPACE FOR A THREE-BODY PROBLEM

考虑了限制在球面Ｓ２上运动的三个质点的力学系统，该系统的构型空间是Ｓ２上的一个纤维丛。本文证明了这个丛的第１陈省身示性类等于－２ｃ１（γ），其中γ是复射影空间ＣＰ１＝Ｓ２上的典范线丛。这个结果蕴涵该构型空间是Ｓ２上的非平凡丛。由此又算出了它的上同调群与同伦群。此外还讨论了上述拓扑性质对于诸如平衡位置的数目，周期轨道及约化相空间等涉及系统大范围性状的影响。     

一类矩阵反问题的扰动分析

考虑一类矩阵反问题minA∈1A‖A-(A)‖F,其中lA={A∈(X)n×m|‖AX-B‖F＝min},(A)∈(X)n×m,x∈m×p,B∈(X) n×p是给定的矩阵,讨论了当A,X,B有扰动时问题解的稳定性,作出了问题解的扰动分析,对相容和不相容两种情况给出了解的扰动上界.所获得的扰动上界是相对于扰动解到无扰动流形的距离.     

地月空间NRHO与DRO在月球探测中的应用研究

针对地月系统三体问题低能往返轨道转移在月球探测中的应用研究，结合天体借力飞行技术与混合优化技术，系统分析了不同目标轨道与借力方位对任务飞行时间与燃料消耗等关键参数的影响，给出了往返轨道设计初值的选择策略。针对轨道设计初值猜想问题，首先采用遗传算法与二体Lambert转移快速确定轨迹拼接点初值。在同时考虑近月点与近地点多约束条件下，基于序列二次规划算法与多重打靶法进一步对燃料最优的地月往返轨道进行研究，并推导了约束方程解析梯度提高设计效率。最后分析近月点高度、不同目标轨道的转移时间与燃耗变化特性，对于考虑月球借力的地月空间轨道往返转移设计及参数选取具有重要的参考价值。     

全变差正则化方法对一类热传导反问题的应用

热传导终端反问题是典型的不适定问题,应用基于全变差的正则化方法来获得它的稳定数值解,将近似解的求解范围由连续函数空间扩大到了有界变差函数空间,并将固定点迭代法用于求解非线性的Euler方程,并进行了理论分析和数值实验。结果表明:该方法与算法具有高效稳定全局收敛等优点。