Evaluation method for helicopter maritime search and rescue response plan with uncertainty

Helicopter plays an increasingly significant role in Maritime Search and Rescue (MSAR), and it will perform MSAR mission based on response plans when an accident occurs. Thus the rationality of response plan determines the success of MSAR mission to a large extent. However, with the impact of many uncertainty factors, it is difficult to evaluate response plans comprehensively before performing them. Aiming at these problems, an evaluation framework of helicopter MSAR response plan named UMAD is proposed in this paper, which reveals the influence mechanism of uncertainty factors based on Multi-Agent method and analyzes the mission flow based on Discrete Event System (DEVS) method. Furthermore, the evaluation criterion and indicators of response plan are extracted from the aspects of safety and effectiveness. Meanwhile, the Monte Carlo method is adapted to calculate the probability distribution and robustness of response plan comprehensive result. Finally, in order to illustrate the validity of this method, it is discussed and verified by an application example of evaluating multiple response plans to the same MSAR scenario. The results show that this method can analyze the influence of uncertainty more systematically and optimize response plans more comprehensively.     

基于信息融合技术的无人机风速测量方法

随着无人机技术的发展,无人机风速测量技术成为了无人机的一个重要应用领域。为了提高无人机风速测量的精度,文中将信息融合技术应用于无人机风速测量中,数据层分别通过平均法和改进的 Kaiman 滤波对空速和航向角进行信息融合,以提高参数测量的精度,决策层通过加权平均法对速度矢量三角形法,空速归零法,以及航位推算法计算得到的结果进行融合,并通过实际飞行测量对文中方法进行验证。结果表明,基于信息融合技术的风速测量方法,可以与探测精度高的气球法相当,且探测区域广、探测成本低。     

面向舰载机使用维护的典型人机安全综合评估流程

为合理规划维修任务、确定维修作业量和优化维修保障程序,针对典型舰载机使用维护场景,提出一种综合化的人机安全综合评估流程。分析工作负荷、人机界面、,维修差错等人机安全主要影响对象,建立各影响因素的评估流程,将评估流程要素化后进行分类整合,构建人机安全综合评估模型。基于模型系统工程方法分析舰载飞机维护场景,根据舰载机特定运行场景,采用故障树分析方法,确定影响人机安全的具体行为或故障模式。     

Design and application of an Electric Tail Rotor Drive Control (ETRDC) for helicopters with performance tests

With the development of electric helicopters’ motor technology and the widespread use of electric drive rotors, more aircraft use electric rotors to provide thrust and directional control. For a helicopter tail rotor, the wake of the main rotor influences the tail rotor’s inflow and wake. In the procedure of controlling, crosswind will also cause changes to the tail disk load. This paper describes requirements and design principles of an electric motor drive and variable pitch tail rotor system. A particular spoke-type architecture of the motor is designed, and the performance of blades is analyzed by the CFD method. The demand for simplicity of moving parts and strict constraints on the weight of a helicopter makes the design of electrical and mechanical components challenging. Different solutions have been investigated to propose an effective alternative to the mechanical actuation system. A test platform is constructed which can collect the dynamic response of the thrust control. The enhancement of the response speed due to an individual motor speed control and variable-pitch system is validated.     

加压预处理对软质聚酰亚胺泡沫力学性能的影响

为解决软质聚酰亚胺泡沫初始状态力学性能的不稳定性,采用Solimide~?AC-550聚酰亚胺泡沫分别进行不同加压方式及加压压力的预压处理,并对预压处理的试样进行拉伸和压缩性能测试。结果表明:负压预处理对该泡沫所造成的力学性能损伤比正压更大;且在+4 kPa预处理时,可使得该泡沫获得相对稳定的力学性能,满足工程应用的需求。     

CE/SE法模拟爆震波点火及传播过程

运用时空守恒元和解元(CE/SE)法模拟一维爆震波的形成及传播过程,分析产生爆震波的不同机理和DDT(爆燃-爆震转捩)过程的影响因素.采取激波点火和热点点火两种点火方式,分别对应SDT(激波-爆震转捩)和DDT过程,热点点火初始场采用线性温度分布和阶梯性温度分布,整个管道均为常压.用隐式梯形方法实现刚性源项积分.结果表明,SDT和DDT对应于不同的爆震波机理,并且DDT受点火区不同参数的影响,为研究爆震波点火和DDT过程提供了理论依据.     

Solar Sources of Heliospheric Energetic Electron Events—Shocks or Flares?

Electrons with near-relativistic (E≳30 keV, NrR) and relativistic (E≳0.3 MeV) energies are often observed as discrete events in the inner heliosphere following solar transient activity. Several acceleration mechanisms have been proposed for the production of those electrons. One candidate is acceleration at MHD shocks driven by coronal mass ejections (CMEs) with speeds ≳1000 km s⁻¹. Many NrR electron events are temporally associated only with flares while others are associated with flares as well as with CMEs or with radio type II shock waves. Since CME onsets and associated flares are roughly simultaneous, distinguishing the sources of electron events is a serious challenge. On a phenomenological basis two classes of solar electron events were known several decades ago, but recent observations have presented a more complex picture. We review early and recent observational results to deduce different electron event classes and their viable acceleration mechanisms, defined broadly as shocks versus flares. The NrR and relativistic electrons are treated separately. Topics covered are: solar electron injection delays from flare impulsive phases; comparisons of electron intensities and spectra with flares, CMEs and accompanying solar energetic proton (SEP) events; multiple spacecraft observations; two-phase electron events; coronal flares; shock-associated (SA) events; electron spectral invariance; and solar electron intensity size distributions. This evidence suggests that CME-driven shocks are statistically the dominant acceleration mechanism of relativistic events, but most NrR electron events result from flares. Determining the solar origin of a given NrR or relativistic electron event remains a difficult proposition, and suggestions for future work are given.     

计算大型实对称特征问题的 Lanczos-QR 算法

为了计算大型实对称特征值问题Ｋｘ＝λＭｘ的少数低阶特征值对,本文给出Ｌａｎｃｚｏｓ－ＱＲ迭代方法。首先,给定初始迭代向量ｖ１,作ｍ步Ｌａｎｃｚｏｓ分解：ＫＶｍ＝ＭＶｍＴｍ＋ｈｍｅｍＴ。取Ｔｍ的ｄ个最大特征值为移位量,对Ｔｍ进行ｄ步带原点位移的ＱＲ分解。然后,修改初始迭代向量ｖ１。迭代地重新开始这一过程,迫使初始迭代向量ｖ１进入需求的特征子空间,从而使残量‖Ｋｘ－θＭｘ‖→０。数值例子表明,该方法收敛性强,且稳定、有效。     

0.8m 风洞风扇系统的设计和运转

为提高低速风洞的最大风速,根本的措施是设计高转速大功率的风扇系统。风扇系统的设计首先在于有一个良好的设计方法,选择高升阻比的风扇翼型,根据需要恰当地确定设计工况点,合理选择桨叶和反扭导流片的各个参数,如桨毂比、实度、升力系数和圆弧角等。设计中针对已经设计的外形,进行性能计算,可以迅速鉴别设计的优劣,检查是否能满足设计要求,节约研制成本和缩短周期。