利于减少配平损失的太阳能飞机构型设计

针对具有静稳定性的太阳能飞机一般采用尾翼配平造成气动配平损失的问题,提出了一种“T”构型太阳能飞机。概述该太阳能飞机的总体构型,分析该构型飞机巡航状态下降低重心的自配平原理,建立能量平衡和质量分析模型,给出适合于该构型太阳能飞机的概念设计方法,并优化构型设计参数。结果表明,“T”构型太阳能飞机不仅具有静稳定性,还降低了配平损失。在巡航状态下,“T”构型太阳能飞机单位面积平飞需用功率比常规构型太阳能飞机减少了6.2%,具有明显的应用效果。      

超磁致伸缩作动器小回线动态J-A模型

超磁致伸缩作动器（GMA）输入输出之间存在着磁滞非线性关系,当研究其中高频输出特性时,为了降低材料自身迟滞非线性特性的影响,往往选用零点与饱和状态之间线性度较好的不饱和小回线,因此很有必要开展动态不饱和小回线数学模型的研究。首先在综合研究磁致伸缩材料（GMM）和GMA结构动力学特性的基础上结合安培环路定理提出以励磁电流为输入、应变为输出的动态Jiles-Atherton（J-A）模型,然后在引入磁滞回线特性变量的基础上得出J-A模型关键模型参数对其特性的影响规律,根据不饱和小回线仿真与实验波形的偏离特性提出模型参数的修正方法得到不饱和小回线动态J-A模型。最后,在不同频率和不同饱和幅值下通过实验验证该数学模型的正确性。      

运动基航天飞行模拟器信号缩比策略

对于大幅值的输入信号,三阶多项式缩比法易产生信号畸变且参数配置复杂;而Hermite缩比函数法的触发速度较慢.提出两种改进的缩比方法:基于三阶多项式缩比法的最优参数配置法和加入线性缩比的非线性缩比法.前一种方法通过参数的优化配置最大化稳定区,以防止信号的畸变;后一种方法则利用线性缩比的特性将缩比度限制在稳定区内.仿真结果表明:线性缩比的加入可以防止三阶多项式缩比法信号的畸变;最优配置参数法应用方便且整体效果较好.为航天飞行模拟提供了更有效的缩比策略.     

翼身组合体的变可信度优化设计

基于信赖域思想,发展了一种变可信度优化设计方法组织和管理不同可信度模型,有效利用低可信度模型建立近似模型,进行优化设计,高可信度模型仅修正优化近似模型,使最终优化结果收敛到高可信度模型上.采用全位势边界层有粘无粘迭代方法作为低可信度模型,多重网格Navier-Stokes方程方法作为高可信度模型,对翼身组合体进行优化设计,优化结果表明:发展的变可信度优化方法优化效率高,且能保证优化精度,具有实际的工程应用价值.     

Solar cycle and latitude dependence of high-beta suprathermal plasma conditions in interplanetary space between 1.3 and 5.4 AU

The analysis of energetic particles and magnetic field measurements from the Ulysses spacecraft has shown that in a series of events, the energy density contained in the suprathermal tail particle distribution is comparable to or larger than that of the magnetic field, creating conditions of high-beta plasma. In this work we analyze periods of high-beta suprathermal plasma occurrences (β_ep > 1) in interplanetary space, using the ratio (β_ep) of the energetic particle (20 keV to ∼5 MeV) and magnetic field energy densities from measurements covering the entire Ulysses mission lifetime (1990–2009) in order to reveal new or to reconfirm some recently defined interesting characteristics. The main key-results of the work are summarized as follows: (i) we verify that high-beta events are detected within well identified regions corresponding mainly to the vicinity of shock surfaces and magnetic structures, and associated with energetic particle intensity enhancements due to (a) reacceleration at shock-fronts and (b) unusually large magnetic field depressions. (ii) We define three considerable features for the high-beta events, concentrated on the next points: (a) there is an appreciable solar-activity influence on the high-beta events, during the maximum and middle solar-cycle phase, (b) the annual peak magnitude and the number of occurrences of high events are well correlated with the sunspot number, (c) the high-beta suprathermal plasma events present a spatial distribution in heliographic latitudes (HL) up to ∼±80°, and a specific important concentration on the low (−25° ? HL < −6°, 6° < HL ? 25°) and median (−45° ? HL < −25°, 25° < HL ? 45°) latitudes. We also reconfirm by a statistical analysis the results of Marhavilas and Sarris (2011), that the high-beta suprathermal plasma (β_ep > 1) events are characterized by a very large parameter β_ep (up to 1732.5), a great total duration (406 days) and a large percentage of the Ulysses-mission lifetime (which is equal to 6.34% of the total duration with usable measurements, and 11.3% of the duration in presence of suprathermal particles events).     

抑制复原图像振铃波纹的频域循环边界算法

提出了一种基于Wiener滤波的频域循环边界复原算法,并给出了有效的规整化表达式和信噪比估算方法.复原算法首先将原观测图像按反射对称的方式延拓,形成一个新的观测图像(称为延拓图像);然后,用Wiener滤波算法复原延拓图像,并取延拓图像的复原图像的主值序列作为原观测图像的复原图像.对延拓图像在频域进行复原处理时,需要使用FFT(Fast Fourier Transform)技术,将延拓图像进行周期延拓,因其结合边界在垂直方向上的梯度为零,且边界平滑满足微分条件,抑制了复原图像的振铃波纹.复原过程中,将噪声与原始图像的功率谱之比规整化为原观测图像信噪比的函数.实验结果表明,该算法对周边区域梯度变化较大的观测图像复原效果较好.      

齿轮测量中心测头数据采集系统

提出了齿轮测量中心电感测头的新型数据采集系统,包括以集成开关构成的新型相敏检波器和以单片机为核心的数据采集系统,可以应用于各种电感信号的处理,具有较强的通用性。     

Estimation of optical maturity parameter for lunar soil characterization using Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3)

Prolonged exposure of the microscopic outer layer of the lunar surface to the space environment leads to the maturation of the surface. Maturation can be quantified and it may be expressed in terms of optical maturity (OMAT). Optical maturity estimations are very much helpful in the identification and mapping of the major minerals present on the lunar regolith. Estimation of the maturation and mineral mapping using remote sensing techniques are achieved, by coupling spectral reflectance of the lunar surface with an optimized origin. The present work estimates the optical maturity and Ferrous oxide content of the Goldschmidt and Schrodinger craters, through the recalibration of the classical method of Lucey et al. (2000a) with an origin of (0.08, 1.18) and Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3) data. The overall recalibration results assure that the craters are highly matured.     

On the observability of Mars entry navigation using radiometric measurements

A thorough observability analysis of the Mars entry navigation using radiometric measurements from ground based beacons is performed. This analysis involves the evaluation of the Fisher information matrix which is derived from the maximum likelihood estimation. A series of navigation cases with multiple beacons are investigated, and both range and range-rate measurements are considered. The determinant of Fisher information matrix is used to quantify the observability of navigation system, while the trace of Fisher information matrix is used to determine the lower-bound of estimation errors. For one and two beacon cases, the navigation system is unobservable. However, the eigenvectors of Fisher information matrix give the observable and unobservable component. When three or more beacon measurements are employed, the states of entry vehicle become observable. Some valuable analytic conclusions on the relationship between the geometric configuration of beacons and observability are obtained consequently. Finally, simulation results from two navigation examples indicate that our effort is useful for understanding and assessing the observability of the Mars entry navigation using radiometric measurements.     

低成本无人机传感器配置方案的设计与仿真

以降低无人机制造成本为目标,在保证无人机安全自主飞行的前提下,提出了基于GPS和垂直陀螺、GPS和三轴速率陀螺及GPS和低成本惯性组件的3种低成本传感器配置方案,并针对每种方案在工程中遇到的问题,采用低通滤波、高通滤波和卡尔曼滤波等数据融合算法予以解决,最后在MATLAB平台下对每种传感器配置方案进行仿真验证.研究对比表明,对于自身稳定性较好的无人机,该3种传感器配置方案均能够实现姿态控制、高度控制、滚转控制以及航迹控制.