高超声速锥体表面凸起物分离干扰区气动力/热关联计算方法

针对高超声速锥体表面凸起物周围的分离干扰流动产生的气动力/热提供了关联计算方法,包括凸起物周围分离干扰区压力分布计算方法、分离干扰区几何特征的计算方法、分离干扰区附加气动力计算方法、分离干扰区气动热计算方法.对典型的钝锥加凸起物外形进行了计算,计算分析了由于凸起物周围分离干扰区压力升高引起的附加气动力、凸起物表面及干扰区的气动热,对气动热计算结果与激波风洞实验结果进行了比较,本文关联方法计算结果与实验结果符合较好.     

Examining LiDAR – WorldView-3 data synergy to generate a detailed stand map in a mixed forest in the north-west of Turkey

Although stand delineation approach based on aerial photographs and field survey produces high accuracy maps, it is labour-intensive and time consuming. Furthermore, conventional forest stand maps may have some uncertainties that can hardly be verified due to the experiments and skills of photo-interpreters. Therefore, researchers have been seeking more objective and cost-effective methods for forest mapping. LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) data have a high potential to automatically delineate forest stands. Unlike optical sensors, LiDAR height data provides information about both the horizontal and vertical structural characteristics of forest stands. However, it deprives of spectral data that may be successfully used in separating tree species. In this study, we investigate the potential of LiDAR – WorldView-3 data synergy for the automatic generation of a detailed forest stand map which can be used for a tactical forest management plan. Firstly, image segmentation was applied to LiDAR data alone and LiDAR/WorldView-3 data set in order to obtain the most suitable image objects representing forest stands. Visual inspection of the segmentation results showed that image objects based on the LiDAR/WorldView-3 data set were more compatible with the reference forest stand boundaries. After the segmentation process, the LiDAR and LiDAR/WorldView-3 data sets were independently classified using object-based classification method. We tested two levels of classification. The first was a detailed classification with 14 classes considering reference stand types. The second was the rough classification with 9 classes where some stand types were combined. The mean, standard deviation and texture features of LiDAR metrics and spectral information were used in the classification. The accuracy assessment results of LiDAR data showed that the Overall Accuracy (OA) was calculated as 0.31 and 0.43, and the Kappa Index (KIA) was calculated as 0.26 and 0.32 for the detailed and rough classifications, respectively. For the LiDAR/WorldView-3 data set, the OA values were calculated as 0.50 and 0.61, and the KIA were calculated as 0.46 and 0.55 for the detailed and rough classifications, respectively. These results showed that the forest stand map derived from the LiDAR/WorldView-3 data synergy is more compatible with the reference forest stand map. In conclusion, it can be said that the forest stand maps produced in this study may provide strategic forest planning needs, but it is not sufficient for tactical forest management plans.     

某型圆锥破碎机运动学分析

在对引进的某型圆锥破碎机的基本结构，性能及工作原理简介的基础上，建立了该机的运动学分析模型，分别对动锥在空载，有载时的运动和转速进行了较深入地分析。分析结果与实则值相符，为合理选择该类破碎机的运动学参数提供了理论依据。     

扫描曲面的设计方法及应用

本文通过截线扫描法构造Ｂ－Ｓｐｌｉｎｅ曲面，介绍了扫描面的特性，并结合具体实例说明该方法在造型设计中的应用价值。     

一种非线性规划的求解方法与燃气发生器的设计

阐述了一种新的非线性规划的求解方法。即对每个参变量在其可能变化区间内，按照特定的步长依次代入约束方程来观察是否满足约束条件，从而求得若干组可行解。变量变化的步长通过非线性方程组各个方程在近似结点的全微分的分析获得。步长的确定是本方法的关键。文中并示范性列举了本方法在燃气发生器设计中的作用。     

汽车复合曲面斜截面外形计算方法的研究

提出了一种用于计算汽车车身复合曲面斜截面外形的有效算法。根据实际问题的情况，提出了沿复合曲面三条边界扫描找始点及用自适应步长跟踪求迹的算法。该算法简化了扫描过程，缩短了计算时间，并且所得到的交点记录了坐标值和相应曲面片的参数值。测试显示这种算法简单实用、快速有效，在车身复杂曲面截面质量分析和自由曲面数控加工刀位轨迹计算等方面具有实际应用价值。     

大气状态下SPM纳米加工系统的开发

商业化和大多数自制SPM开发和研制的目的主要是获得表面的信息,要想使它适合扫描探针加工的要求,必须对其进行一些必要的改进。本文讨论在DI公司多功能SPM基础上开发的纳米加工系统。     

预制体结构对C/C喷管出口锥材料力学性能的影响

设计了3种用于制备喷管用C/C出口锥材料的炭纤维增强预制体,即炭布铺层骨架(P型预制体)、炭布叠层原位针刺骨架(N型预制体)、炭纤维整体编织骨架(B型预制体),并对比研究了预制体结构对C/C出口锥材料力学性能的影响。结果表明,对同密度水平的C/C出口锥,用P型预制体制备的C/C材料的层剪强度最低,N型预制体制备的材料的层剪强度最高,B型预制体制备的材料的层剪强度居中。3种预制体制备的C/C材料的高温弯曲性能差别不大,N型预制体结构更适合于C/C出口锥材料的制备成型。     

分区扫描对激光沉积成形钛合金T型接头温度场与应力场的影响

从分区扫描可以有效降低激光沉积成形大尺寸结构残余应力的工程经验出发,采用热弹塑性有限元理论,建立可以模拟成形过程温度场与应力场的有限元模型,研究不同分区扫描方式对激光沉积成形钛合金T型接头温度/应力演变过程、监测点热循环曲线以及残余应力的影响。结果表明:热应力与残余应力最大值均出现在T型接头上缘条与基板接触的4个外角点上,与分区扫描方式无关;分区扫描对T型接头外角点与短边外面中点影响较小,对于内部节点、内角点与长边外面中点的热循环曲线及热应力曲线有一定的影响;分区扫描对残余应力分布影响较大,尤其是对沿指定截面残余应力分布规律与最大残余应力幅值有显著的影响。     

中心锥冷却对喷管腔体红外辐射的抑制作用数值分析

航空发动机高温部件是发动机3~5μm上的重要红外辐射之一,对高温部件之一的中心锥的红外抑制技术进行了数值研究.在中心锥前端布置气膜缝槽,缝槽几何参数经过优化设计,将部分外涵低温气流经过支板引入中心锥,对支板和锥体壁面形成冲击冷却,在锥体前端形成气膜覆盖,使得支板与中心锥壁面得到了有效冷却,两者平均温度分别降低21.1%和46.2%,冷却气量约为外涵流量的1.6%.喷管腔体3~5μm波段上红外辐射得到有效抑制,喷管正后方红外辐射相比原型喷管降低30%,0°~45°范围内红外辐射则明显降低.