等离子喷涂LaTi2Al9O19热障涂层的微观组织结构及热物理性能

 第一代热障涂层(TBCs)由氧化钇部分稳定的氧化锆(YSZ)陶瓷隔热层和金属粘结层组成,该涂层长期使用温度低于1 200℃。随着先进航空发动机向着高推重比发展,迫切要求发展新一代超高温、高隔热热障涂层材料。LaTi₂Al₉O₁₉(LTA)在1 500℃长期保持相稳定,是一种非常有前景的超高温热障涂层候选材料。本文采用大气等离子喷涂(APS)制备了LTA涂层,研究了喷涂工艺对涂层微观组织结构和热物理性能的影响。结果表明沉积态涂层中含少量的非晶态,在860℃和1 130℃出现晶化峰。等离子喷涂过程中La₂O₃挥发量较多,导致沉积态涂层中La元素与原始粉末相比含量偏低,而其他组分的化学成分随喷涂功率变化不大。LTA涂层的热扩散系数在1 400℃下为0.3~0.4 mm²·s^-1,热导率为1.1~1.6 W·m^-1·K^-1。1 050℃经过20小时热处理后,得到晶化的涂层在晶化温度范围内的热扩散系数和热导率值均增大。随着喷涂功率减小,涂层孔隙率增加,热导率减小。     

Effect of Sintering on Thermal Conductivity and Thermal Barrier Effects of Thermal Barrier Coatings

Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are mostly applied to hot components of advanced turbine engines to insulate the components from hot gas. The effect of sintering on thermal conductivity and thermal barrier effects of conventional plasma sprayed and nanostructured yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are investigated. Remarkable increase in thermal conductivity occurs to both typical coatings after heat treatment. The change of porosity is just the opposite. The grain size of the nanostructured zirconia coating increases more drastically with annealing time compared to that of the conventional plasma sprayed coating, which indicates that coating sintering makes more contributions to the thermal conductivity of the nanostructured coating than that of the conventional coating. Thermal barrier effect tests using temperature difference technique are performed on both coatings. The thermal barrier effects decrease with the increase of thermal conductivity after heat treatment and the decline seems more drastic in low thermal conductivity range. The decline in thermal barrier effects is about 80 °C for nanostructured coating after 100 h heat treatment, while the conventional coating reduces by less than 60 °C compared to the as-sprayed coating.     

Calculation of high-temperature insulation parameters and heat transfer behaviors of multilayer insulation by inverse problems method

In the present paper, a numerical model combining radiation and conduction for porous materials is developed based on the finite volume method. The model can be used to investigate high-temperature thermal insulations which are widely used in metallic thermal protection systems on reusable launch vehicles and high-temperature fuel cells. The effective thermal conductivities（ECTs） which are measured experimentally can hardly be used separately to analyze the heat transfer behaviors of conduction and radiation for high-temperature insulation. By fitting the effective thermal conductivities with experimental data, the equivalent radiation transmittance, absorptivity and reflectivity, as well as a linear function to describe the relationship between temperature and conductivity can be estimated by an inverse problems method. The deviation between the calculated and measured effective thermal conductivities is less than 4%. Using the material parameters so obtained for conduction and radiation, the heat transfer process in multilayer thermal insulation（MTI） is calculated and the deviation between the calculated and the measured transient temperatures at a certain depth in the multilayer thermal insulation is less than 6.5%.     

A Novel Approach for the Effective Thermal Conductivity of Porous Ceramics

A new approach in combination of the effective medium theory with the equivalent unit in numerical simulation was developed to study the effective thermal conductivity of porous ceramics. The finite element method was used to simulate the heat transfer process which enables to acquire accurate results through highly complicated modeling and intensive computation. An alternative approach to mesh the material into small cells was also presented. The effective medium theory accounts for the effective thermal conductivity of cells while the equivalent unit is subsequently applied in numerical simulation to analyze the effective thermal conductivity of the porous ceramics. A new expression for the effective thermal conductivity, allowing for some structure factors such as volume fraction of pores and thermal conductivity, was put forward, and the results of its application was proved to be close to those of the mathematical simula-tion.     

二维C/C复合材料高温力学、热物理性能研究

研究了二维C/C(2D -C/C)复合材料在高温下层剪强度、弯曲强度和模量、热导率和线膨胀系数的变化规律。结果表明 ,所制得的 2D -C/C复合材料的层剪强度随温度的升高变化不大、弯曲强度随测试温度的升高而增加 ;2 0 0 0℃的层剪强度、弯曲强度分别达到 1 4 .8MPa和 2 2 7.4MPa ,较室温分别提高了9.6 %和 6 0 %。弯曲模量在 1 0 0 0℃时增加到 39.4GPa ,在 2 0 0 0℃则下降 ,低于室温数值。 2D -C/C复合材料的热导率、线膨胀系数在z向和x -y向都具有明显的各向异性。未石墨化 2D -C/C复合材料 2 0 0℃的z向热导率是 4 .4 1W / (m·K) ,且随温度的升高而增加 ;而石墨化 2D -C/C复合材料 2 0 0℃的z向、x -y向热导率分别是 1 8.0 2W / (m·K)和 73.2 9W / (m·K) ,随温度的升高而下降。 2D -C/C复合材料在z向的线膨胀系数较大 ,80 0℃以内在 8× 1 0 - 6 /K～ 1 0× 1 0 - 6 /K之间 ;而在x -y向线膨胀系数在 80 0℃以内都很小 ,基本上接近于零     

应用涡流电导率检测技术评定铝合金的热损伤

综述了铝合金产品在现代航空工业中的重要作用,举例说明了涡流电导率检测技术在评定铝合金热损伤方面的潜在用途,指出这种检测方法是今后铝合金质量控制的有效手段,特别是在飞机结构件烧伤的检测中有独特的优越性。     

磁场对高超声速弱电离气体流动的影响

对偶极子磁场作用下的三维钝头体高超声速黏性绕流的化学非平衡流动进行了数值模拟。电导率利用组分公式计算,化学模型为7组元、6反应模型。应用诱导磁场方法将磁场与流场耦合,控制方程的空间离散采用有限体积法,扩散项用中心差分格式,对流项采用二阶迎风格式,时间推进采用3步Runge-Kutta法。计算结果表明,外加偶极子磁场使激波脱体距离增加,壁面摩擦系数和表面热流密度增大。与无磁场作用时相比,在0.153T外加磁场作用下,冻结流中的激波脱体距离增加约3倍,局部壁面摩擦系数最大增加63%,局部表面热流密度最大增加61%;而化学非平衡流中的激波脱体距离增加约0.5倍,局部壁面摩擦系数最大增加47%,局部表面热流密度最大增加31%,且化学非平衡流中激波层内温度的最大值约为冻结流中的64%。     

基于激波风洞的超声速磁流体动力技术实验系统

开展磁流体(MHD)动力技术实验研究,实验系统必须满足两项基本的条件:一是超声速或高超声速气流;二是气流必须是导电流体.基于此,介绍了基于激波风洞的超声速磁流体动力技术实验系统的基本组成、设计思想和调试情况.设计了马赫数Ma=2的超声速喷管及实验段;采用氦气驱动氩气,在平衡接触面运行方式下得到高温气体,通过在低压段注入...     

二氧化硅气凝胶的等效热导率理论

应用分子运动论对二氧化硅气凝胶的传热机理进行了研究。根据其微观结构特点,建立了纳米孔隙模型。考虑气体分子间的相互作用力,推导了纳米孔隙内气体的热导率,得到了二氧化硅气凝胶内气体热导率的表达式。建立了二氧化硅气凝胶固相结构单元导热模型,运用分子运动论推导了固相结构的热导率,获得了二氧化硅气凝胶的总体等效热导率。结果表明,影响二氧化硅气凝胶内气体热导率的主要因素是气体的平均分子自由程与分子之间以及分子与壁面之间的相互作用,固相结构单元的直径和接触界面的直径是影响固相结构单元热导率的主要因素,而二氧化硅气凝胶孔隙尺寸的分布严重影响其等效热导率。     

粘结剂对石墨材料的物理性能及微观结构影响的研究

用煅烧石油焦和煤焦油为基本原料，采用热压工艺制备了几种石墨材料。考察了粘结剂对石墨材料传导性能的影响。实验结果和微观结构分析表明，在相同工艺条件下，采用喹啉不溶物（QI）含量适中（5．2％，质量分数）的沥青作粘结剂，有利于石墨微晶的发育和排列，使石墨材料的传导性能得到提高，而采用QI含量过多或过少的沥青作粘结剂，都不利于石墨材料的传导性能。