梯度热障涂层的设计

 采用电子束物理气相沉积方法 (EB PVD)制备了梯度热障涂层,其结构设计为NiCoCrAlY粘结层 /Al₂O₃ YSZ过渡层 /YSZ陶瓷层。YSZ陶瓷层的结构为柱状晶结构,Al₂O₃ YSZ梯度过渡层为梯度微孔结构。采用有限元方法对梯度热障涂层进行热应力分析,优化了Al₂O₃ YSZ梯度过渡层的组成。计算结果表明,梯度涂层的内应力显著降低,而且界面及其附近应力和应变变化较平缓。过渡层厚度的增加有利于降低涂层内应力和缓和涂层界面处的应力集中。     

瞬态平面热源法热物理性能测量精度和适用范围的标定——常温下标准材料奥氏体不锈钢的热物理性能对比测试

瞬态平面热源法作为一种非稳态热物理性能测试技术，其测量范围、测量精度和试验参数的确定是正确评价和应用这种测试技术的前提条件。本文详细描述了采用瞬态平面热源法测量装置对热物理性能标准材料奥氏体不锈钢所进行的比对测试，并由此考察这种测试方法和测试装置的测量精度和适用范围。     

三元共掺杂对YSZ热障涂层热物理性能的影响

采用NiO、Er_2O_3、Yb_2O_3、Y-2O_3、ZrO_2粉末为原料,用高温固相合成法制备复合陶瓷材料,研究该复合陶瓷材料的比热、热扩散系数、热导率等热物理性能,并与传统8YSZ热障涂层材料进行对比。利用XRD测定所制备的陶瓷样块的晶体结构和物相组成,分析该陶瓷试样的物相组成及高温相稳定性。结果表明:NiO、Er_2O_3、Yb_2O_3共掺YSZ后,室温至1500℃范围内的热扩散系数为0.36～0.56 mm^2/s,与8YSZ相比,降低了约20%;室温至1500℃的热导率为1.45～1.55 W/(m·K),比8YSZ降低了18%;2EYNYSZ陶瓷材料具有单一的相结构,经1500℃热处理100 h之内不发生相变。     

微孔纳米板与陶瓷纤维板热导率对比研究

文摘采用非稳态热线法测试了微孔纳米板与陶瓷纤维板在RT~1 000℃区间热导率,利用SEM微观形貌与荧光光谱成分分析,结合微观导热机理对测试结果进行了分析。结果表明:纳米板热导率分布在0.03~0.1 W/(m·K)区间,纤维板为0.055~0.25 W/(m·K);两种材料热导率均随着温度升高而增大,且规律均为先缓后急,不同的是,纤维板热导率在300℃以后开始急剧增大,而纳米板在550℃之后才开始较快增长;纳米板整体上升趋势缓于纤维板,温度越高,两者热导率差异越大。分析认为纳米尺寸的固体颗粒及内部气孔是纳米板拥有低热导率的关键因素。     

Development of thermal sensors and drilling systems for lunar and planetary regoliths

We consider some novel concepts for thermal properties experiments aboard lunar landers or rovers, that may lead to an improved understanding of both the structure of the lunar near surface layers and the lunar thermal history. The new instruments could be developed using the experience and heritage from recently developed systems, like the Rosetta Lander thermal conductivity experiment MUPUS and existing designs used for terrestrial measurements of thermal conductivity. We describe shortly the working principle of such sensors and the main challenges faced when using them in the airless regolith layers of the Moon or other airless bodies. In addition new concepts to create appropriate drill holes for thermal and other measurements in the lunar regolith are discussed.     

Precipitation behavior and properties of extruded 7136 aluminum alloy under different aging treatments

In this work, the mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of the extruded 7136 aluminum alloy treated by single-stage aging treatment (T6), retrogression and re-aging treatment (RRA), and multiple retrogression and re-aging treatment have been investigated by means of hardness measurements, electrical conductivity tests and tensile tests. The results have shown that the properties of the 7136 alloy such as hardness, tensile strength and electrical conductivity were sensitive to retrogression time (within 90 min). With prolonging the retrogression time, the tensile strength was enhanced first and then decreased, yet the electrical conductivity was continuously increased. The 60 min-treated alloy performed the highest tensile strength (716 MPa), whereas the 90 min-treated alloy possessed the highest electrical conductivity (33.95%IACS). Compared with the T6-treated alloy, the tensile strength and electrical conductivity were improved by 3.3% and 18.9%, respectively. The electrical conductivity showed an obvious increase with repetitious times of the RRA treatment. After 3RRA60 treatment, a good combination of tensile strength (705 MPa) and electrical conductivity (33.20%IACS) can be obtained. Compared with the T6 condition, the tensile strength and electrical conductivity were improved by 1.7% and 16.3%, respectively. The mechanism of microstructure evolution under different aging treatments has been discussed in detail.     

压电阻抗技术用于铝板损伤检测的实验研究

为了实现对金属铝板的损伤检测,从而为航空装备提供高效、可靠的维修检测技术保障。介绍了压电阻抗技术用于结构损伤检测的基本原理,并以含裂纹铝合金圆片为对象开展了实验研究和深入探讨。研究结果表明,高频激励下,可以通过PZT电阻抗实部响应曲线谱的变化来识别结构损伤。同时引入了不同损伤下,PZT电阻抗实部相关系数偏差（1-R2）,以（1-R2）3来定义损伤指数,从而实现了损伤初步定量估计。     

柠檬酸钙酸解过程的建模与计算机控制

通过研究柠檬酸钙酸解过程中溶液电导率的变化规律，建立了酸解体系的数学模型，提出了改革酸解工艺路线中的物料添加顺序，并用计算机自动控制物料添加量和添加速率，自动判定酸解终点的方法。     

Investigation on the Thermal Conductivity of 3-Dimensional and 4-Directional Braided Composites

It is vital to choose a factual and reasonable micro-structural model of braided composites for improving the calculating precision of thermal property of 3-D braided composites by finite element method (FEM). On the basis of new microstructure model of braided composites proposed recently, the model of FEM calculation for thermal conductivity of 3-dimennsional and 4-directional braided composites is set up in this paper. The curves of coefficient of effective thermal conductivity versus fiber volume ratio and interior braiding angle are obtained. Furthermore, comparing the results of FEM with the available experimental data,the reasonability and veracity of calculation are confirmed at the same time.     

火星表面热环境对航天器热控影响分析

火星大气对太阳辐射产生吸收和散射作用,同时还将与火星表面航天器发生对流换热.热设计时难以直接评估对流、辐射和导热三种换热对航天器的影响,从而确定主要的控温途径.在调研火星表面辐射、大气等热环境的基础上,从线性化传热系数和对流辐射比的角度对比分析了辐射、对流和导热对航天器的影响.器表辐射传热系数随光学属性和温度的变化范围...