含孔薄板孔边疲劳裂纹的萌生和扩展

 测试了 Ni基高温合金 GH41 69含孔薄板试件不同应力幅下的低周疲劳寿命,给出了孔边最大应力幅相同时,应力集中因子改变对试件疲劳寿命的影响。结合断口 SEM分析,探讨了应力集中条件下,疲劳短裂纹的萌生和扩展方式。试验结果表明,疲劳裂纹以滑移方式在孔壁与试样表面相交的棱上萌生;萌生期依赖于孔边应力幅的大小,与孔径无关。但疲劳裂纹扩展速率与孔边局部区域的应力分布有关。在孔边应力幅相同的情况下,孔边应力集中因子较大的试样裂纹扩展速率大,疲劳寿命分布带略低于孔边应力集中因子较小的试样。短裂纹阶段,疲劳裂纹以角裂纹的形式向内扩展;长裂纹阶段,疲劳裂纹以穿透裂纹的形式进行扩展。稳定扩展阶段疲劳裂纹以穿晶的韧性撕裂方式发展,但在靠近失稳扩展区域疲劳裂纹呈准解理断裂方式扩展。试验未观察到疲劳短裂纹群的连接与合并现象。     

Titanium estimates of the central peaks of lunar craters: Implications for sub-surface lithology of moon

Central peaks of 24 lunar craters, having mafic rocks, were studied to estimate their average titanium content and infer the nature of the subsurface lithologies. Titanium contents were derived from Clementine UV–Vis data (415, 750 nm) following the approach of Lucey et al. [Lucey, P.G., Blewett, D.T. and Jolliff, B.L., Lunar iron and titanium abundance algorithms based on final processing of Clementine ultraviolet–visible images, J. Geophys. Res.106 (E8), 20297–20,305, 2000]. _TiO2${\mathrm{TiO}}_2$ content exceeding 1 wt% suggests presence of mantle derived mafic sub-surface rock types (plutonic/volcanic) within the central peaks. Even though, the algorithm used for deriving titanium content is susceptible to variation in topography and sun angle, especially at higher latitudes, careful selection and analyses of data for regions within the central peaks revealed compositional heterogeneities. The results indicate a preponderance of mafic lithologies with low _TiO2${\mathrm{TiO}}_2$ content (<1 wt%) in the central peaks of lunar craters populating the equatorial region. Average titanium content of central peaks can serve as a useful tracer for distinguishing mantle derived mafic subsurface lithologies from those formed during global magma ocean episode.     

Experimental study of an aircraft fuel tank inerting system

In this work, a simulated aircraft fuel tank inerting system has been successfully established based on a model tank. Experiments were conducted to investigate the influences of different operating parameters on the inerting effectiveness of the system, including flow rate of the inert gas(nitrogen-enriched air), inert gas concentration, fuel load of the tank and different inerting approaches. The experimental results show that under the same operating conditions, the time span of a complete inerting process decreased as the flow rate of inert gas was increased; the time span using the inert gas with 5% oxygen concentration was much longer than that using pure nitrogen;when the fuel tank was inerted using the ullage washing approach, the time span increased as the fuel load was decreased; the ullage washing approach showed the best inerting performance when the time span of a complete inerting process was the evaluation criterion, but when the decrease of dissolved oxygen concentration in the fuel was also considered to characterize the inerting effectiveness, the approach of ullage washing and fuel scrubbing at the same time was the most effective.     

一种改进的果蝇优化算法及其在气动优化设计中的应用

果蝇优化算法(FOA)是一种新的群体智能优化算法,具有良好的全局收敛特性。为进一步提高FOA的寻优性能,将其引入到气动优化设计中,发展形成了改进的果蝇优化算法(IFOA)。IFOA通过引入惯性权重函数动态调整搜索步长,有效实现了算法全局搜索和局部搜索之间的动态平衡,提高了算法整体搜索效率和寻优精度;对于多维优化问题,IFOA每次搜索仅随机扰动其中一个决策变量,并在每个迭代步内将所有优秀果蝇个体(可行解)结合产生一个全新的果蝇个体进行一次搜索,大大加快了算法的收敛速度。函数测试结果表明,IFOA显著提高了FOA的寻优性能。将IFOA应用到气动优化设计中,翼型反设计和单/多目标优化设计的算例表明,IFOA是一种简单高效的优化方法,可广泛应用于气动优化设计。     

双基推进剂的切口强度及切口敏感性

为了获取双基推进剂的切口强度及切口敏感性,在环境温度为(20±1)℃,应变率为10-4 s-1条件下,进行了双基推进剂板条状双边U型切口试件及标准试件的单轴拉伸试验.结果表明:在一定的范围内,双基推进剂的切口强度随着切口试件的应力集中系数的变化而变化.当应力集中系数小于切口敏感因子(1.99~2.22)时,板条状双边U形切口试件的切口强度受应力集中系数影响不大,近似等于材料的抗拉强度,材料对切口不敏感.用标准试件单轴拉伸的试验结果对双基推进剂的切口强度及切口敏感因子进行预测,预测结果与试验结果较吻合,验证了这种预测方法的有效性.     

分子筛氧气浓缩器产氧性能实验分析

根据"变压-吸附-解吸附" 压力交变原理,研制了分子筛氧气浓缩器样机.通过不同入口压力、输出流量、高空压力和温度环境实验,测试了分子筛浓缩器样机的制氧性能.结果表明,分子筛氧气浓缩器样机产氧浓度随入口压力和上升高度的增加而增加;随输出流量的增加而减少;升降速度、环境温度影响不大.系统产氧性能基本满足系统工程生理学防护要求,其性能与国外产品有可比性.     

胶合搭接连接的界面应力

采用边界元法计算了分析了具有理想界面和非理想界面的双板条胶合搭接连接的界面应力。经计算得到了完整胶合界面时界面应力的分布,得出在胶合界面两端出现了应力集中现象;胶合界面发生开裂后的界面应力分布,理想界面裂纹尖端的复应力强度因子和非理想界面裂纹前洞的应变能密度。     

磁力矩器用磁性材料力学性能研究

为确定用于磁力矩器的铁镍合金、铁钴合金和铁铝合金3种磁性材料的力学性能,对它们进行了力学拉伸试验,发现材料塑性不同会对试件断裂位置产生一定影响,主要表现为塑性材料在设计薄弱部位断裂,而脆性材料在夹持应力集中位置断裂。根据这一结果,对拉伸试验进行有限元模拟分析,计算结果表明导致断裂位置差异的原因主要是设计薄弱部位的长度以及试件夹持部位出现应力集中。依据有限元计算结果,对试件进行了改进设计并重新模拟计算,结果显示,改进后的3种合金材料试件在拉伸试验中其断裂部位均出现在设计薄弱部位。铁钴合金试件改进后的拉伸试验也充分验证了模拟计算的准确性。由此给出了3种材料合理的力学性能参数。     

多排钉金属连接接头有限元分析方法研究

解决飞机结构中接头的应力集中问题是延长飞机结构寿命的关键。采用有限元方法对多钉结构的金属连接件的载荷分配进行了研究,并对铆接接头的细节进行应力分析,给出了接头各细节处的应力分布,从而确定了各铆钉孔边危险点处的应力集中系数。同时探讨了台阶形搭接接头的几何构形对铆钉传递载荷和钉孔边危险点处应力集中系数的影响,对其部分几何构形参数进行了优化设计,得到有效降低孔边应力的构形方案。该方案对接头结构的疲劳性能分析具有一定的参考价值。     

无缝钢管近净下料新工艺及实验研究

针对管材的近净下料问题,给出一种基于疲劳断裂机理的新型近净下料工艺。完成了近净下料机和控制系统的实验平台搭建,利用径向循环偏心加载和管材表面缺口的应力集中效应,通过变频调速改变下料模具加载速度,控制在不同下料阶段对管材的加载频率,实现管材的疲劳断裂,完成近净下料。实验结果表明,该近净下料方法切实可行,能满足工业生产中中小直径厚壁管的下料要求。