塞式喷管三维流场的数值模拟

从曲线坐标下的三维平均雷诺的N-S方程出发,并用k-ε两方程湍流模型封闭方程组,采用二阶精度的精度无波动、无自由参数的耗散差分格式(NND格式),发展了模拟塞式喷管三维流场的数值程序,并对线性塞式喷管和瓦状塞式喷管在不同落压比下的三维流场进行了数值模拟研究.结果较好地预示了塞式喷管的三维流场特征,并且显示瓦状塞式喷管除了圆柱形结构比平板更能承载外,其塞锥压强分布可以进一步改善其受力情况.     

Non-Thermal Processes in Cosmological Simulations

Non-thermal components are key ingredients for understanding clusters of galaxies. In the hierarchical model of structure formation, shocks and large-scale turbulence are unavoidable in the cluster formation processes. Understanding the amplification and evolution of the magnetic field in galaxy clusters is necessary for modelling both the heat transport and the dissipative processes in the hot intra-cluster plasma. The acceleration, transport and interactions of non-thermal energetic particles are essential for modelling the observed emissions. Therefore, the inclusion of the non-thermal components will be mandatory for simulating accurately the global dynamical processes in clusters. In this review, we summarise the results obtained with the simulations of the formation of galaxy clusters which address the issues of shocks, magnetic field, cosmic ray particles and turbulence.     

Simulation Techniques for Cosmological Simulations

Modern cosmological observations allow us to study in great detail the evolution and history of the large scale structure hierarchy. The fundamental problem of accurate constraints on the cosmological parameters, within a given cosmological model, requires precise modelling of the observed structure. In this paper we briefly review the current most effective techniques of large scale structure simulations, emphasising both their advantages and shortcomings. Starting with basics of the direct N-body simulations appropriate to modelling cold dark matter evolution, we then discuss the direct-sum technique GRAPE, particle-mesh (PM) and hybrid methods, combining the PM and the tree algorithms. Simulations of baryonic matter in the Universe often use hydrodynamic codes based on both particle methods that discretise mass, and grid-based methods. We briefly describe Eulerian grid methods, and also some variants of Lagrangian smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) methods.     

空间站乘员睡眠区二氧化碳聚集现象

为了分析乘员在没有良好通风的压力舱内停留时,呼出CO₂的聚集过程并评估其可能导致的医学危害,建立了乘员在特定空间站睡眠舱的计算流体动力学模型,对乘员在睡眠区的呼吸过程进行了非稳态模拟.模拟中乘员的CO₂呼出浓度和肺通气量根据生理实验随CO₂吸入浓度变化.通过模拟给出了睡眠区典型位置处CO₂分压随时间的变化规律.最后提出了无通风条件下乘员在睡眠区停留的最大容许时间,睡眠区CO₂浓度监测仪的布置原则和类似情况下为保障乘员生命安全可采取的一些措施.      

气动热CFD计算的格式效应研究

通过对N-S方程的求解计算了二维圆柱绕流及三维绕钝双锥高超声速流动过程中的气动热问题.对于求解方程,在空间离散的格式上,选用了3种上风格式——Roe的FDS,Van Leer的FVS和AUSM+格式以及一种中心差分格式,将各种格式所得的热流结果与实验结果进行了比较.对于AUSM+格式,还应用了minmod limiter 和 双 minmod limiter 两种限制器,并对结果进行了对比.      

气动谐振加热效应的数值模拟

为研究谐振管内部的流动情况,建立了喷嘴-圆柱形谐振管系统的模型,利用二阶NND格式求解二维轴对称雷诺平均N-S方程,通过耦合求解传热方程在边界条件中考虑谐振管的传热,模拟气动谐振加热效应,得到了谐振管底部气体的压力与温度振荡曲线,计算结果与实验结果较为一致.结果表明,在约20 ms内即可完成对谐振管底部气体的谐振加热,且谐振管的传热是影响气动谐振加热温度的重要因素,在数值模拟中对其加以考虑可以提高计算准确性.      

PHITS simulations of the Protective curtain experiment onboard the Service module of ISS: Comparison with absorbed doses measured with TLDs

“Protective curtain” was the physical experiment onboard the International Space Station (ISS) aimed on radiation measurement of the dose – reducing effect of the additional shielding made of hygienic water-soaked wipes and towels placed on the wall in the crew cabin of the Service module Zvezda. The measurements were performed with 12 detector packages composed of thermoluminescent detectors (TLDs) and plastic nuclear track detectors (PNTDs) placed at the Protective curtain, so that they created pairs of shielded and unshielded detectors.     

Roe格式中不同类型熵修正性能分析

针对Roe格式中较为流行的3类熵修正:Muller型、Harten-Yee型和Harten-Hyman型熵修正,从理论分析入手, 辅以Euler方程为控制方程的激波管问题,前台阶流动和运动激波的双马赫反射3个数值实验,对不同熵修正的性能做了深入研究,得出如下结论: Muller型和Harten-Yee型熵修正方法作用于激波和非物理的膨胀激波2种情况:激波情况下引入的数值耗散,能根本改善"Carbuncle"现象,膨胀激波时其数值粘性也足以使膨胀激波得以耗散;而类Harten-Hyman型熵修正只对膨胀过程起修正作用,对激波情况无效,不能改善"Carbuncle"现象,该类熵修正的数值粘性较小,不足以使膨胀过程正确求解;直接采用 δ 值代替特征值的特征值修正方法效果好于传统的特征值修正方法.     

基于DSI插值的三角网格质量优化

通过对三角网格的单元顶点进行几何位置调整,提高了网格的质量,实现了网格的质量优化.几何位置调整是使用离散点光滑插值(DSI,Discrete Smooth Interpolation)实现的,针对在计算时影响质量优化的邻接边界的单元顶点,采用了在边界处补偿三角形的方法,消除了单元收缩,提高了网格的质量.与加权拉普拉斯算法进行了比较和分析,优于拉普拉斯算法;为了使三角网格在位置调整时保持原始网格的几何细节特征,在插值算法中施加了控制点约束.最后使用算例对算法进行了验证.      

激光功率与底面状态对选区激光熔化球化的影响

为研究激光功率与底面状态对选区激光熔化熔池流动的影响,基于离散单元法建立了选区激光熔化铺粉模型,采用粒径分布与实验相符的马氏体时效钢粉末分别铺展到平坦底面和增材底面上,将计算获得的粉末分布导入到基于有限体积法建立的选区激光熔化熔池计算流体力学模型中,研究激光功率和基板底面粗糙度对熔池流动和熔道表面形貌的影响。采用激光单道扫描实验验证铺粉模型和选区激光熔化模型。结果表明：随着激光功率的降低,单位长度的球化数量增加;由于增材底面使熔池润湿性变差,同时又对熔池流动行为产生扰动,使得增材粗糙底面上熔道的球化数量增加。选区激光熔化铺粉模拟及激光单道扫描模拟结果与实验结果吻合较好。本研究可为选区激光熔化工艺中工艺参数的选择提供理论指导。