Static aeroelastic analysis of very flexible wings based on non-planar vortex lattice method

A rapid and efficient method for static aeroelastic analysis of a flexible slender wing when considering the structural geometric nonlinearity has been developed in this paper. A non-planar vortex lattice method herein is used to compute the non-planar aerodynamics of flexible wings with large deformation. The finite element method is introduced for structural nonlinear statics analysis. The surface spline method is used for structure/aerodynamics coupling. The static aeroelastic characteristics of the wind tunnel model of a flexible wing are studied by the nonlinear method presented, and the nonlinear method is also evaluated by comparing the results with those obtained from two other methods and the wind tunnel test. The results indicate that the traditional linear method of static aeroelastic analysis is not applicable for cases with large deformation because it produces results that are not realistic. However, the nonlinear methodology, which involves combining the structure finite element method with the non-planar vortex lattice method, could be used to solve the aeroelastic deformation with considerable accuracy, which is in fair agreement with the test results. Moreover, the nonlinear finite element method could consider complex structures. The non-planar vortex lattice method has advantages in both the computational accuracy and efficiency. Consequently, the nonlinear method presented is suitable for the rapid and efficient analysis requirements of engineering practice. It could be used in the preliminary stage and also in the detailed stage of aircraft design.     

高超声速气动力及激波位置快速计算方法研究

采用快速计算方法进行高超声速气动力计算时,影响计算精度的关键问题主要在于模型面网格的划分和计算方法的选取。采用一种灵活实用的结构化面网格划分策略,使得模型的各个部件能分别选择合适的计算方法;发展一种基于近似流线的二阶激波膨胀波方法,该方法可以用于多种具有三维流场特性的部件,不仅降低对使用者的经验依赖,还能提高计算精度;配合激波位置计算方法,可以较为准确地计算模型的激波位置,保证边界层外缘参数的计算精度;粘性力计算使用基于起始面元修正的Spalding-Chi方法和参考温度方法。通过对四个典型算例的计算与分析,表明本文发展的高超声速气动力计算方法具有较高的计算精度,能够作为高超声速飞行器初步设计阶段的气动力快速分析工具。     

NAPA软件的并行化研究和效率分析

基于区域分裂思想,以M P I(M essage pass ing in terface)为消息传递库,实现了三维全粘性湍流计算软件NAPA的并行化。对NACA 0012翼型、微型飞行器、高超声速进气道等流场进行了计算和分析,比较了并行和串行软件的计算结果,结果完全一致,并对比了NACA 0012翼型流场的计算结果和实验值,表明NAPA软件的改进是成功的。随后对各个算例的并行效率和加速比进行了对比分析,分析了通信比例、负载平衡度以及通信模式等影响并行效率的几个重要因素。最后使用In te l cluster too ls和V tune工具对NAPA程序进行了算法和代码效率优化,发现了原代码中耗时长的几个子程序并进行了改进,通过对高超声速进气道算例的测试,计算效率提高了55.33%。     

基于增强型离散相模型和化学燃烧的红外诱饵弹建模方法

红外（IR）诱饵弹是一种主要的红外对抗武器,建立一种准确的红外诱饵弹模型将对红外制导算法的研究起重要作用。目前,针对红外诱饵弹的计算机流体仿真（CFD）建模方法中,通常不考虑红外药剂的燃烧对红外模型产生的影响,这将从机理上直接导致建模精度下降。针对这一不足,本文在增强型离散相模型（DPM）红外诱饵弹建模方法的基础上加入了化学燃烧相,建立了准确性更高的仿真模型。实验结果表明,与原有的模型相比,加入化学燃烧相后的新模型在图形特征的仿真精度上有明显提升。     

IMPROVEMENTS IN HIDDEN LINE REMOVAL ALGORITHM FOR BI PARAMETRIC SURFACES

近些年来,随着计算机图形学,计算几何和计算机辅助设计与制造技术的发展,双参数曲面的消隐算法变得越来越重要。而现有的一些消隐算法,它们在计算量,存贮量和精度上都不太令人满意。本文引入面积坐标进行包含性检验,提出移动包围盒技术,给出了一种通用性强,贮存量小,准确性高,简单快速且易于在微机上实现的消隐算法。本文还给出了由Ｄｘｙ－８８０绘图仪绘制的多个实例效果。     

Panel/full-span free-wake coupled method for unsteady aerodynamics of helicopter rotor blade

A full-span free-wake method is coupled with an unsteady panel method to accurately predict the unsteady aerodynamics of helicopter rotor blades in hover and forward flight. The unsteady potential-based panel method is used to consider aerodynamics of finite thickness multi-bladed rotors, and the full-span free-wake method is applied to simulating dynamics of rotor wake. These methods are tightly coupled through trailing-edge Kutta condition and by converting doublet-wake panels to full-span vortex filaments. A velocity-field integration technique is also adopted to overcome singularity problem during the interaction between the rotor wake and blades. Helicopter rotors including Caradonna-Tung, UH-60A, and AH-1G rotors, are simulated in hover and forward flight to validate the accuracy of this approach. The predicted aerodynamic loads of rotor blades agree well with available measured data and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) results, and the unsteady dynamics of rotor wake is also well simulated. Compared to CFD, the present method obtains accurate results more efficiently and is suitable to rotorcraft aeroelastic analysis.     

底部形状对钝锥体模型气动与电磁散射性能的影响

开展了飞行器气动与隐身综合特性数值研究。分别利用时域有限差分法和数值求解N—S方程的方法对飞行器的电磁散射与气动特性进行了数值模拟,研究了钝锥体模型底部形状对其雷达散射截面（RCS）和零升阻力的影响。由数值计算结果可知：合理地改变钝锥体模型底部形状,可以降低模型的RCS。并且,随着椭球体轴的长度或锥体高度的增加,模型的RCS逐渐减小。当飞行马赫数为5．0,高度为20km时,底部形状为椭球体或锥体的模型,随着椭球体轴的长度或锥体高度的增加,模型的零升阻力略有下降。     

Convergence Analysis of the Numerical Solution for Cathode Design of Aero-engine Blades in Electrochemical Machining

As a main difficult problem encountered in electrochemical machining （ECM）, the cathode design is tackled, at present, with various numerical analysis methods such as finite difference, finite element and boundary element methods. Among them, the finite element method presents more flexibility to deal with the irregularly shaped workpieces. However, it is very difficult to ensure the convergence of finite element numerical approach. This paper proposes an accurate model and a finite element numerical approach of cathode design based on the potential distribution in inter-electrode gap. In order to ensure the convergence of finite element numerical approach and increase the accuracy in cathode design, the cathode shape should be iterated to eliminate the design errors in computational process. Several experiments are conducted to verify the machining accuracy of the designed cathode. The experimental results have proven perfect convergence and good computing accuracy of the proposed finite element numerical approach by the high surface quality and dimensional accuracy of the machined blades.     

Enhancing the efectiveness of film cooling

Advanced gas turbine stages are designed to operate at increasingly higher inlet temperatures to increase thermal efficiency and specific power output.To maintain durability and reasonable life,film cooling is needed in addition to internal cooling,especially for the first stage.Film cooling lowers material temperature by forced convection inside film-cooling holes and by forming a layer of coolant about component surfaces to insulate them from the hot gases.Unfortunately,each cooling jet forms a pair of counter-rotating vortices that entrains hot gas and causes the film-cooling jet to lift off from the surface that it is intended to protect.This paper gives an overview of efforts to enhance the effectiveness of film-cooling.This paper also describes two new design concepts.One design concept seeks to minimize the entrainment of hot gases underneath of film-cooling jets by using flow-aligned blockers.The other design concept shifts the interaction between the approaching hot gas and the cooling jet to occur further above the surface by using an upstream ramp.For both design concepts,computational fluid dynamics results are presented to examine their usefulness in enhancing film-cooling effectiveness.      

跨声速涡轮叶栅三维流场的数值模拟

以具有试验测量数据的一个高压涡轮动叶中截面平面叶栅和一个高压涡轮导向器环形叶栅为对象,采用计算流体动力学(CFD)软件CFX-TASCflow,对两个涡轮叶栅的跨声速三维粘性流场进行了数值计算,验证了CFX-TASCflow软件在航空燃气涡轮设计计算中的可靠性,并对所研究的跨声速涡轮叶栅粘性流场进行了分析.