传感器局部温度差异对压缩拐角热流测量的影响

针对高超声速飞行器在进行热流测量时存在的传感器与其周围热防护材料之间的热匹配性问题,即冷点效应问题,采用自主研发的计算程序研究了冷点效应对压缩拐角表面热流分布的影响,得到了在不同压缩拐角特征流动区域内冷点效应对其表面热流分布的影响机制。计算结果分析表明：冷点效应的存在会显著地提高冷点区域内的表面热流值;在压缩拐角的分离域内,冷点效应造成的热流增长幅度较大,在再附点附近,冷点效应造成的热流增长幅度较小。     

Machining fixture for adaptive CNC machining process of near-net-shaped jet engine blade

Low stiffness and positioning problems are difficulties and challenges in the precise machining of near-net-shaped blades. This paper aims to achieve high accuracy in manufacturing by fixture- and deformation-control in the adaptive CNC machining process. Adaptive CNC machining technology is first analyzed, and new fixture-evaluation criteria and methods to evaluate the adaptive CNC machining process fixture design are built. Second, a machining fixture is designed and manufactured after analyzing its positioning scheme, clamping scheme, materials (PEEK-GF30), and structure characteristics. Finally, the designed fixture is analyzed by FEA and experimentally verified by a cutting experiment. The results show that the deformation of the blade is an overall rigid-body displacement, the main deformation of the blade-fixture system occurs on the four clamping heads, and this fixture can effectively protect the blade from local deformation. The proposed clamping-sequence method reliably and effectively controls the local maximum deformation of the blade. The system stiffness is increased by 20 Hz, with each clamping force increased by 200 N. Both high- and low-frequency displacement in roughing milling or finishing milling are acceptable relative to the accuracy demand of blade machining. This fixture and an adaptive CNC machining process can achieve high accuracy in blade manufacturing.     

两级对置式离心压气机湿压缩研究

本文以两级对置式离心压气机为对象,采用数值模拟方法研究了湿压缩对压气机特性和内部流场的影响。数值计算借助ANSYS CFX软件,采用欧拉-拉格朗日法耦合计算连续流场和离散粒子项,基于k-ε湍流模型、变比热拟合公式计算焓熵值,利用安托万方程求解饱和蒸汽压力并加入液滴破碎CAB模型和撞壁模型。在压气机进口采用干空气和不同喷水量与粒径组合共计7个工况条件下,对比分析了压气机总体性能变化、部件性能变化及水滴的运动轨迹。结果表明,湿压缩使得整机压比和效率均有所提高,但效果越好裕度越小。低压级内湿压缩效果明显,水滴蒸发使得出口温度降低;高压级湿压缩降温增益不明显,但受上一级冷却效果影响,压比和温比都增加。水滴在叶轮中主要积聚在叶片压力面根部。扩压器和回流器中产生了较大的尾迹损失,扩压器前缘受水滴破碎和掺混作用,产生较大熵增。     

摆锤式冲击响应谱试验台的仿真研究

摆锤式冲击响应谱试验台是模拟爆炸冲击环境的一种较好手段,它能够模拟拐点频率在300Hz～2000Hz,峰值过载高达几千个g值的冲击谱型。根据该装置的结构和基本原理,本文应用有限元分析软件ANSYS,LS-DYNA等对其冲击响应谱产生过程进行了模拟,计算结果与试验数据吻合较好。此方法能够合理有效地模拟该装置的性能曲线,对摆锤式冲击试验台的设计具有指导意义。     

航空发动机气动失稳在线监测试验技术

针对航空发动机试验时缺乏有效安全监控措施的技术难题,开展航空发动机气动失稳在线监测试验技术研究。通过分析发动机试验失稳动态特征数据,设计基于时频-小波的气动失稳辨识算法,研制出具有国内自主知识产权的航空发动机气动失稳在线监测系统。结果表明:该系统能够准确、及时地检测到发动机失稳特征信号,辨识系统响应时间优于50 ms,工程实用性高,具备对发动机试验气动失稳在线预警能力。      

航空发动机机匣电子束焊接变形模拟分析与优化

为了对焊接变形进行预测与控制,建立了焊接接头的弹塑性有限元模型,并对电子束热源模型进行了校核,获得了接头焊接位置的塑性应变区域大小;建立了风扇叶片机匣3D壳单元有限元模型,并采用固有应变法对机匣焊接变形进行了模拟计算,获取了焊接过程的变形分布,通过实测机匣变形量并与仿真结果进行对标,验证了模型的准确性;通过对风扇叶片机匣焊接顺序以及焊接熔池宽度等工艺参数的优化,获得了控制风扇叶片机匣焊后变形的最优方案。结果表明:模拟与实测的平均变形误差仅10.3%,基于固有应变法的中心面3D壳单元有限元模型适用于大型复杂薄壁件的电子束焊接变形预测,该方法已得到应用;风扇叶片机匣焊接熔池宽度的优化能够有效控制焊后变形,焊缝上熔池宽度降低为2.7 mm,焊后平均径向变形量降低30%,能够明显降低机匣径向收缩变形,焊接顺序的优化对变形控制效果较差。      

失谐流体激励下叶盘结构响应特性

对非均匀静子叶片分布影响下的失谐流体激励叶盘结构响应特性进行研究.首先推导叶盘结构强迫共振条件与流体失谐设计理论;其次对工程叶盘结构响应分析的模态减缩方法和精细积分法进行理论描述;最后给出数值算例,对谐调和失谐流体激励特性和实际工程叶盘的响应特性进行研究,分析流体失谐设计方法对叶盘强迫响应的影响.在响应特性计算中,通过有限元方法得到叶盘的系统质量、阻尼和刚度矩阵后,利用MATLAB软件编制程序进行响应特性分析.      

Analysis of blade vibration response induced by rotating stall in axial compressor

An experimental and numerical study was conducted to investigate the forced response of blade vibration induced by rotating stall in a low speed axial compressor. Measurements have been made of the transient stalling process in a low speed axial compressor stage. The CFD study was performed using solution of 3-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations, coupled with structure finite element models for the blades to identify modal shapes and structural deformations simultaneously. Interactions between fluid and structure were managed in a coupled manner, based on the interface information exchange until convergence in each time step. Based on the rotating stall measurement data obtained from a low speed axial compressor, the blade aeroelastic response induced by the rotating stall flow field was analyzed to study the vibration characteristics and the correlation between the phenomena. With this approach,good agreement between the numerical results and the experimental data was observed. The flow phenomena were well captured, and the results indicate that the rotating field stall plays a significant role in the blade vibration and stress affected by the flow excitation.      

透镜式薄壁CFRP管空间伸展臂轴压屈曲分析及试验

对透镜式截面四层铺设薄壁碳纤维增强塑料(CFRP)管空间伸展臂进行轴压载荷试验,得到轴压临界屈曲载荷及屈曲特性。利用有限元模型进行线性特征值屈曲分析,并引入屈曲模态形式作为初始几何缺陷进行非线性屈曲分析,得到轴压下屈曲临界载荷及非线性屈曲特性,并与试验结果进行对比分析。结果表明初始几何缺陷对CFRP管轴压临界载荷影响较大,给CFRP管加入适当的几何缺陷可更有效模拟实际非完善体的屈曲载荷。进而对其材料厚度、层数和铺设角度进行参数分析,得到各参数对轴压临界载荷的影响程度及敏感性,本文对透镜式薄壁CFRP管空间伸展臂的设计和深入研究具有重要参考价值。     

轴压加筋壁板承载能力计算方法探讨

目前飞机设计中主要采用工程方法计算加筋壁板的承载能力。本文介绍并评述了分段处理法、John-son法和极限载荷法三种常用的工程方法,为了探讨哪种方法能更加满足工程需要,采用这三种方法对某型飞机中央翼加筋壁板及其试验件分别进行计算,表明其中极限载荷法的计算结果偏于安全,与试验结果吻合较好,并采用此法确定了中央翼加筋壁板的承载能力。最后采用极限载荷法进一步计算该型飞机机身11种构型加筋壁板轴压试验件,破坏载荷计算值与试验结果相当吻合,从而证实了极限载荷法是一种计算轴压加筋壁板承载能力更准确、实用的工程方法。