遥感卫星在轨微振动测量数据分析

介绍某遥感卫星的在轨微振动测量方案,并从背景噪声、扰动源特征、星体结构传递特征三个方面对测量数据进行分析。由测试数据发现,控制力矩陀螺（CMG）和动量轮引起的局部扰动较大,而传递至有效载荷处的扰动主要由CMG和双轴天线引起。星体结构对微振动有良好的衰减作用,有效载荷安装面的响应相对于振源得到了大幅衰减。     

高光谱遥感地形影响建模与仿真

针对地形起伏对高光谱遥感图像几何变形和辐射变化的影响,建立高光谱遥感地形影响模型.该模型利用传感器位置、姿态和视场角建立模拟图像像元坐标和地面空间坐标之间的成像几何关系,利用地表反射率、数字高程模型等数据,考虑大气辐射传输过程,计算起伏地形下传感器入瞳辐亮度图像,并经过空间分辨率转换,生成最终遥感模拟图像,实现高光谱遥感地形影响精确建模.利用西藏驱龙地区Hyperion数据和其它相关数据进行仿真分析,将模拟图像和原始图像进行对比,结果比较吻合,表明该模型具有较好的模拟效果.     

环境与灾害监测光学有效载荷发展综述

环境与灾害监测目标具有多样性、定量化要求高等特点,非常适合光学载荷发挥其信息量丰富、种类多、精度高等方面的优势。在国际上,此类光学载荷发展迅速,新技术不断涌现,值得学习借鉴。文章重点阐述了应用于环境与灾害监测民用卫星的光学有效载荷的发展现状和发展趋势,为中国第二代"环境与灾害监测预报小卫星星座"的相关光学有效载荷发展提供参考。     

浅谈空间光学遥感器稳像技术

文章首先分析了影响像稳定的因素,然后对几种常见的稳像技术的工作原理及其优缺点进行了介绍,在论述当前稳像技术发展现状及未来发展趋势的基础上,讨论开展综合稳像技术研究的必要性。     

基于RIPless理论的层析SAR成像航迹分布优化方法

层析合成孔径雷达成像(TomoSAR)是通过同一观测区域不同入射角的多幅二维合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像在高程向进行孔径合成,从而实现三维成像。近年来,压缩感知(CS)被用于高程向稀疏场景的重建,高程向重建质量取决于观测矩阵的性质,而航迹分布是影响观测矩阵重构性能的重要因素。相比于度量观测矩阵重构性能的其他约束条件,RIPless理论具有有效、直观和计算简单等优点。提出了一种基于RIPless理论的压缩感知层析SAR成像航迹分布优化准则,从而在航迹数目一定的情况下,获取最优分布以实现高程向优化重建。最后,通过仿真和实验验证了所提优化准则的有效性。     

基于优化字典学习算法的压缩数据收集

为了提高压缩数据收集对多样化传感数据的适应能力,同时抑制环境噪声对数据收集精度的影响,提出了一种优化字典学习算法来构造压缩数据收集中的稀疏字典。理论分析表明在压缩数据收集中由环境噪声导致的数据收集误差和稀疏字典的自相干程度正相关。为此在字典学习的过程中引入了自相干惩罚项来抑制环境噪声对数据收集精度的影响。该惩罚项还能减少字典学习过程中对训练数据的过拟合,从而进一步提高了该算法的稀疏表示能力。实验表明,该算法的稀疏表示能力高于同类字典学习算法,而且能有效地抑制环境噪声对压缩数据收集精度的影响。      

星地遥感数据压缩的差分编码方法研究

为了提高星地传输的工作效率,文章以信息论为理论基础,提出一种差分编码方法用于星地遥感数据的传输。同时,鉴于地表覆盖本身的不确定度与应用需求的不同,提出了分区预测差分编码与保持立体测量精度的差分编码。这两种压缩策略可进一步显著提高差分编码的压缩比。     

一种基于压缩感知的信道估计算法

信道估计是无线通信系统的关键技术之一。文章提出一种基于压缩感知（Compressed Sensing）的信道估计方法,这种方法通过分析信道时延和多普勒域的稀疏度,可以有效降低导频的数量,从而提高系统的频谱利用率。通过与最小均方（Least Square,LS）信道估计方法的对比,可以明显看到导频数量的降低。     

Improved rainfall estimation over the Indian region using satellite infrared technique

The GOES Precipitation Index (GPI) technique (Arkin, 1979) for rainfall estimation has been in operation for the last three decades. However, its applications are limited to the larger temporal and spatial scales. The present study focuses on the augmentation on GPI technique by incorporating a moisture factor for the environmental correction developed by Vicente et al. (1998). It consists of two steps; in the first step the GPI technique is applied to the Kalpana-IR data for rainfall estimation over the Indian land and oceanic region and in the second step an environmental moisture correction factor is applied to the GPI-based rainfall to estimate the final rainfall. Detailed validation with rain gauges and comparison with Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) merged data product (3B42) are performed and it is found that the present technique is able to estimate the rainfall with better accuracy than the GPI technique over higher temporal and spatial domains for many operational applications in and around the Indian regions using Indian geostationary satellite data. Further comparison with the Doppler Weather Radar shows that the present technique is able to retrieve the rainfall with reasonably good accuracy.     

Changes in hyperspectral reflectance signatures of lettuce leaves in response to macronutrient deficiencies

The adaptation of specific remote sensing and hyperspectral analysis techniques for the determination of incipient nutrient stress in plants could allow early detection and precision supplementation for remediation, important considerations for minimizing mass of advanced life support systems on space station and long term missions. This experiment was conducted to determine if hyperspectral reflectance could be used to detect nutrient stress in Lactuca sativa L. cv. Black Seeded Simpson. Lettuce seedlings were grown for 90 days in a greenhouse or growth chamber in vermiculite containing modified Hoagland’s nutrient solution with key macronutrient elements removed in order to induce a range of nutrient stresses, including nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium. Leaf tissue nutrient concentrations were compared with corresponding spectral reflectances taken at the end of 90 days. Spectral reflectances varied with growing location, position on the leaf, and nutrient deficiency treatment. Spectral responses of lettuce leaves under macronutrient deficiency conditions showed an increase in reflectance in the red, near red, and infrared wavelength ranges. The data obtained suggest that spectral reflectance shows the potential as a diagnostic tool in predicting nutrient deficiencies in general. Overlapping of spectral signatures makes the use of wavelengths of narrow bandwidths or individual bands for the discrimination of specific nutrient stresses difficult without further data processing.