电泳沉积-激光熔覆金属陶瓷复合涂层

提出以电泳沉积作为激光熔覆的粉末预置法,并与等离子喷涂等方法进行了比较,借鉴其他送粉技术许多新的工艺方法,对陶瓷涂层可能出现的裂纹、内应力等问题提出了增加金属粘结相,预热、缓冷等解决措施.     

Changes in the Structure of Comet Nuclei Due to Radioactive Heating

The initial structure of a comet nucleus is most probably a homogeneous, porous, fine-grained mixture of dust and ices, predominantly water. The water ice is presumably amorphous and includes considerable fractions of occluded gases. This structure undergoes significant changes during the early evolution of the nucleus at large heliocentric distances, due to internal radiogenic heating. Structural changes occur mainly as a result of gas flow through the porous medium: the gas pressure that builds up in the interior is capable of breaking the fragile structure and altering the pore sizes and porosity. These effects are modeled and followed numerically, testing a large number of parameters. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

烟火药水下燃烧的声辐射机理与实验研究

烟火药水下燃烧能够形成低频的水下声.法国烟火集团拉克鲁瓦防御公司研制出了一种"烟火--声电"声诱饵(1995),但是至今还没有进行深入的研究与报道.本文就烟火药水下燃烧的声辐射机理进行了探讨.结果显示,其所辐射的噪声主要包括喷注噪声和气泡噪声,进一步的分析发现主要以气泡噪声为主,喷注湍流噪声为辅.为了证明此观点,实验研究了具有脉动燃烧效应的烟火药水下燃烧时的声辐射特性.     

直流电弧喷射等离子体炬阳极喷嘴积碳现象的研究

采用高功率直流电弧等离子体喷射化学气相沉积工艺,制备了不同厚度的自支称金刚石厚膜.实验发现,等离子体炬阳极喷嘴积碳是沉积过程中最突出的问题之一.从理论和实验两个方面研究了阳极积碳产生的原因,并通过激光拉曼光谱分析了碳球的结构和成分.结果表明,碳球由金刚石层、混合层和最外面的石墨层构成.详细分析了甲烷浓度、冷却水温度、放电电弧的局部高温、阳极喷嘴的表面质量对积碳形成的影响,并提出了改进措施.     

Nickel Isotopic Composition and Nickel/Iron Ratio in the Solar Wind: Results from SOHO/CELIAS/MTOF

Using the Mass Time-of-Flight Spectrometer (MTOF)—part of the Charge, Elements, Isotope Analysis System (CELIAS)—onboard the Solar Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) spacecraft, we derive the nickel isotopic composition for the isotopes with mass 58, 60 and 62 in the solar wind. In addition we measure the elemental abundance ratio of nickel to iron. We use data accumulated during ten years of SOHO operation to get sufficiently high counting statistics and compare periods of different solar wind velocities. We compare our values with the meteoritic ratios, which are believed to be a reliable reference for the solar system and also for the solar outer convective zone, since neither element is volatile and no isotopic fractionation is expected in meteorites. Meteoritic isotopic abundances agree with the terrestrial values and can thus be considered to be a reliable reference for the solar isotopic composition. The measurements show that the solar wind elemental Ni/Fe-ratio and the isotopic composition of solar wind nickel are consistent with the meteoritic values. This supports the concept that low-FIP elements are fed without relative fractionation into the solar wind. Our result also confirms the absence of substantial isotopic fractionation processes for medium and heavy ions acting in the solar wind.     

Isotopic Composition of the Solar Wind Inferred from In-Situ Spacecraft Measurements

The Sun is the largest reservoir of matter in the solar system, which formed 4.6 Gyr ago from the protosolar nebula. Data from space missions and theoretical models indicate that the solar wind carries a nearly unfractionated sample of heavy isotopes at energies of about 1 keV/amu from the Sun into interplanetary space. In anticipation of results from the Genesis mission’s solar-wind implanted samples, we revisit solar wind isotopic abundance data from the high-resolution CELIAS/MTOF spectrometer on board SOHO. In particular, we evaluate the isotopic abundance ratios ¹⁵N/¹⁴N, ¹⁷O/¹⁶O, and ¹⁸O/¹⁶O in the solar wind, which are reference values for isotopic fractionation processes during the formation of terrestrial planets as well as for the Galactic chemical evolution. We also give isotopic abundance ratios for He, Ne, Ar, Mg, Si, Ca, and Fe measured in situ in the solar wind.     

镁合金微弧氧化膜的相结构研究

针对镁合金微弧氧化膜层,对其相组成和品粒尺寸随工艺参数的变化规律进行了定件和定量分析,并考察了相组成对膜层耐蚀性能的影响.结果表明:不同工艺参数条件下制备的微弧氧化膜层均由镁铝尖晶石和方镁石两相组成,但两相的含量差别很大.当这两相含量的比值在0.6～1.0范围内时,膜层的耐蚀性明显提高.不同时间内制备的膜层中MgAl2O3晶粒尺寸都在40～50nm的范围内,随着氧化时间的增加,晶粒尺寸呈现先减小后增大的趋势.     

冯·卡门撞击坑物质成分研究

“嫦娥4号”预计在月球背面的冯·卡门（Von Kármán）撞击坑着陆,为近距离研究月球最大和最古老的南极—艾肯（South Pole-Aitken）盆地的形成和演化提供了机会。综合利用多种光谱数据,本研究分析了冯·卡门撞击坑及其周边地区TiO₂和FeO的含量变化,以及铁镁质矿物的分布情况,并推断了其主要的岩石类型。研究结果表明：冯·卡门撞击坑内部贫TiO₂（约1.5~2.5 wt%）富FeO（约12~16 wt%）,主要岩石类型为低钛玄武岩。撞击坑以外的地层则以苏长岩质物质（低钙辉石）为主,并含有约1 wt%的TiO₂和10 wt%的FeO。此外,冯·卡门撞击坑外的南部局fFf), and infilled by low-Ti basalts. The materials outside the crater are dominated by noritic materials (Low-Ca pyroxene) with abundance of TiO₂(~1 wt%)and FeO(~10 wt%). In addition, some plagioclase-rich layers are also exposed on the southern region outside the Von Kármán crater.     

改性酚醛基复合材料的摩擦系数研究

研制了一种准高速列车盘形制动装置用混杂纤维增强改性酚醛基复合材料,在1:1惯性力矩试验台上研究了在干摩擦条件下以不同制动初速度、不同闸片压力实施惯性制动时的摩擦特性,利用扫描电镜对试验后的材料摩擦表面形貌进行观察。试验结果表明:瞬时摩擦系数随瞬时速度的变化与制动初速度有关,高接触压力下的摩擦系数低于低接触压力下的摩擦系数;在于摩擦、一次停车惯性制动条件下,临界使用条件是接触压力为0.82MPa,制动初速度为27.3m/s。摩擦表面生成摩擦膜是摩擦系数变化的主要原因。     

真空热爆加压法制备高颗粒含量TiCp/2024复合材料

采用真空热爆加压法（简称ＶＴＥＰ）工艺制备了高粒子含量ＴｉＣｐ／２０２４复合材料。通过数据采集器记录了不同铝含量时热爆反应的时间－－温度曲线;通过ＸＲＤ分析了ＴｉＣｐ／２０２４复合材料的相组成;用ＳＥＭ和ＴＥＭ观察了ＴｉＣｐ／２０２４复合材料的显微组织、微观结构和断口形貌。结果表明：ＶＴＥＰ工艺可以获得颗粒细小圆整、分布均匀、致密的高颗粒含量ＴｉＣｐ／２０２４复合材料。