抗扰动复合非线性伺服控制器的设计与应用

针对典型的电机伺服系统,提出了一种鲁棒复合非线性伺服控制器的离散域设计方案。把系统的扰动和不确定性归结为一个斜坡信号(其变化率恒定),设计一个降维线性扩展状态观测器,对系统未测量状态和未知扰动加以估计。把设计的控制律应用于永磁同步伺服电机,先在MATLAB上进行仿真分析,随后基于TMS320F28335DSC进行试验测试。结果表明系统在各种类型扰动作用下,对目标位置都能实现快速、平稳和准确的跟踪,具有较好的鲁棒性。     

不同冲击能量对层合板损伤及剩余强度的影响

基于三维逐渐损伤理论和全程分析方法,对复合材料层合板在冲击载荷及冲击后静载荷下的损伤过程进行分析,重点研究不同冲击能量对两种不同铺层参数、不同几何尺寸的T300/BMP-316复合材料层合板的损伤产生与扩展过程以及剩余强度的影响规律.结果表明:复合材料层合板存在可使其剩余强度急剧下降的冲击能门槛值.对于T300/BMP-316复合材料层合板而言,其冲击能量的门槛值介于5.0～5.5J之间;在冲击过程中,冲头下落速度具有一定的波动性,且不同铺层参数将影响冲击后复合材料层合板表面的凹痕深度.      

叠层穿刺CF/Al复合材料准静态拉伸力学行为与失效机制

针对新型的叠层穿刺碳纤维织物增强铝基复合材料（CF/Al复合材料）,通过细观力学数值模拟与实验结合的方法研究了其在准静态拉伸载荷作用下的渐进损伤与断裂力学行为。复合材料经向拉伸弹性模量、极限强度与断裂应变的实验结果分别为129.61 GPa、630.14 MPa和0.75%,细观力学模型预测误差分别为-9.41%、7.57%和1.33%,均匀化计算的宏观应力-应变曲线与实验曲线总体上相符。经向拉伸变形初期首先出现经/纬纱交织处基体合金的局部损伤,随着拉伸应变量的增大依次发生纬纱和穿刺纱的横向开裂,拉伸变形后期基体合金与经纱失效引起宏观应力-应变曲线的急剧下降,复合材料拉伸断口表现为经纱轴向断裂及纬纱和穿刺纱横向开裂共存的形貌特征,纤维拔出和基体断裂导致的经纱轴向断裂是诱发复合材料最终失效的主要机制。     

自动铺丝用预浸丝制备工艺研究

针对预浸料特点,提出平刀与圆刀2种分切刀具形式。以分切预浸丝束宽度与边缘质量为评价标准,对比了2种刀具形式对预浸料的分切质量,研究了刀具形式、工艺参数对分切质量的影响。结果显示,由于平刀刀片薄,弯曲模量低,易发生弯曲变形,所得预浸丝束宽度稳定性差;同时,由于刃口始终固定、散热性能差,分切过程中刃口处容易发生树脂堆积,使刀片钝化,影响丝束边缘质量,无法实现对预浸料进行高质量连续式分切。而圆刀分切时,由于刀片旋转,刃口不断变化;独特的刀具形式,降低了刀片在分切过程中的侧向移动,使得圆刀分切能够获得宽度均匀,边缘质量良好的自动铺丝用预浸丝束。     

航天器激光防护材料研究现状与发展趋势

根据激光防护的原理和途径,介绍了基于线性光学原理、基于非线性光学原理和基于相变原理的激光防护材料的特点及其国内外研究进展,讨论了激光防护材料的发展方向。     

气体流场对C／C复合材料CVI致密化效果的影响

以丙烯为碳源气体,研究平板针刺预制体在不同倾斜角放置和不同进气方式条件下化学气相渗透（ CVI）工艺制备C／C复合材料的致密化效果。采用工业CT、浸泡介质法和偏光显微镜对沉积样品的密度分布、开孔孔隙率和织构分别进行表征。沉积102 h后,倾斜17°、前进气条件下试件的密度最高,达到1．45 g／cm－3。结果表明,试样由底端到顶端的密度是有小幅递增的,开孔孔隙率是逐渐减小的。4块试件热解炭的织构以光滑层为主,试样消光角的测量结果表明直立状态和倾斜17°、后进气状态热解炭织构取向度从底部到顶端有增大的趋势,这种织构的增长趋势与锥形回转体扩张段的材料设计相符合。     

Applications of tuned mass dampers to improve performance of large space mirrors

In order for future imaging spacecraft to meet higher resolution imaging capability, it will be necessary to build large space telescopes with primary mirror diameters that range from 10 m to 20 m and do so with nanometer surface accuracy. Due to launch vehicle mass and volume constraints, these mirrors have to be deployable and lightweight, such as segmented mirrors using active optics to correct mirror surfaces with closed loop control. As a part of this work, system identification tests revealed that dynamic disturbances inherent in a laboratory environment are significant enough to degrade the optical performance of the telescope. Research was performed at the Naval Postgraduate School to identify the vibration modes most affecting the optical performance and evaluate different techniques to increase damping of those modes. Based on this work, tuned mass dampers (TMDs) were selected because of their simplicity in implementation and effectiveness in targeting specific modes. The selected damping mechanism was an eddy current damper where the damping and frequency of the damper could be easily changed. System identification of segments was performed to derive TMD specifications. Several configurations of the damper were evaluated, including the number and placement of TMDs, damping constant, and targeted structural modes. The final configuration consisted of two dampers located at the edge of each segment and resulted in 80% reduction in vibrations. The WFE for the system without dampers was 1.5 waves, with one TMD the WFE was 0.9 waves, and with two TMDs the WFE was 0.25 waves. This paper provides details of some of the work done in this area and includes theoretical predictions for optimum damping which were experimentally verified on a large aperture segmented system.     

Effects of uncertainties and flexible dynamic contributions on the control of a spacecraft full-coupled model

One of the most important problems for performing a good design of the spacecraft attitude control law is connected to its robustness when some uncertainty parameters are present on the inertial and/or on the elastic characteristics of a satellite. These uncertainties are generally intrinsic on the modeling of complex structures and in the case of large flexible structures they can be also attributed to secondary effects associated to the elasticity. One of the most interesting issues in modeling large flexible space structures is associated to the evaluation of the inertia tensor which in general depends not only on the geometric ‘fixed’ characteristic of the satellite but also on its elastic displacements which of course in turn modify the ‘shape’ of the satellite. Usually these terms can be considered of a second order of magnitude if compared with the ones associated to the rigid part of a structure. However the increasing demand on the dimension of satellites due to the presence for instance of very large solar arrays (necessary to generate power) and/or large antennas has the necessity to investigate their effects on their global dynamic behavior in more details as a consequence. In the present paper a methodology based on classical Lagrangian approach coupled with a standard Finite Element tool has been used to derive the full dynamic equations of an orbiting flexible satellite under the actions of gravity, gravity gradient forces and attitude control. A particular attention has been paid to the study of the effects of flexibility on the inertial terms of the spacecraft which, as well known, influence its attitude dynamic behavior. Furthermore the effects of the attitude control authority and its robustness to the uncertainties on inertial and elastic parameters has been investigated and discussed.     

激光有源干扰的防御措施

激光有源干扰是目前光电干扰领域发展的热点,如何对其实现成功防御是一个重要课题。主要讨论了激光有源干扰的各种防御措施,重点是激光测距机和半主动激光制导武器的抗干扰措施、激光防护器材的防护原理以及新体制导弹的强激光防护技术。