面向适航要求的涡轮发动机限寿件概率失效风险评估方法

为了满足适航规章关于民用航空涡轮发动机限寿件的要求,通过综合分区概率统计、应力-强度干涉理论、线弹性断裂力学等方法建立了限寿件失效的概率风险评估数学模型,确定了模型的数值解法,开发了计算程序,并结合咨询通告中所提供的校准算例完成了模型的验证工作.评估结果表明,寿命期内不进行无损探伤检查和在10000循环进行一次检查的限寿件示例失效风险分别为1.45×10-9次/飞行循环和1.0×10-9次/飞行循环,完全符合校准算例,表明了评估方法能够反映适航规章关于限寿件失效风险分析的要求.      

民用飞机救生筏储存箱结构设计思路探讨

民用飞机的救生筏是飞机应急着陆时使用的一种救生设备,需要有专门的储存箱来存放。详细地阐述了救生筏安装的适航要求,同时结合具体型号,以客舱天花板式储存箱为例,对救生筏储存箱的设计思路进行了探讨,并对其进行了人机功效分析。     

航天产品非金属材料/ 制品贮存寿命评估技术

从非金属材料老化机理与寿命预测模型、老化行为表征技术、贮存环境试验与寿命评估技术等方面,概述了国内外的技术发展和现状,介绍了航天产品用非金属材料及制品贮存寿命评估技术的发展及其应用进展。     

基于应变路径非比例度的多轴疲劳寿命预测

在分析多轴疲劳几种常用非比例度定义的基础上,提出了一种非比例度定义方法,进而以American Society of Mechanical Engineers(ASME) 规范案例中非比例加载多轴疲劳设计准则采用的应变参量作为基本损伤参量,发展了一种新的多轴疲劳寿命预测模型.结果表明:①所提出的非比例度定义可以描述任意已知轮廓的、非周期的、变幅的非比例加载路径;②与两种常用的多轴非比例加载疲劳寿命模型的预测结果对比可知,新的寿命预测模型对14种比例和非比例加载路径下304不锈钢材料的寿命预测与试验吻合更好,预测结果基本位于2倍分散带以内.      

在航空载荷谱作用下2024铝合金的疲劳行为

研究了在航空载荷谱TWIST作用下2024铝合金的疲劳特性。对航空载荷谱进行简化处理,对比分析了理论推导、MATLAB程序模拟和疲劳试验给出的飞机疲劳寿命预测值,并微观观察疲劳失效断口特征,分析了失效机理。结果表明：理论推导、程序模拟和疲劳试验得到的疲劳寿命预测值分别为163800,158280和134249次飞行循环;程序模拟得到飞机巡航过程中实际阵风载荷和忽略极小波动载荷的疲劳寿命预测值分别为92314和92321次飞行循环;观察疲劳断口可以发现裂纹萌生形核起源于试验件近表面,疲劳裂纹的扩展以沿晶和穿晶两种方式进行,有明显的疲劳条带,在瞬时断裂区呈现韧窝形貌。     

A100钢外螺纹椭圆超声滚压强化试验研究

A100钢有较高的疲劳抗力和显著的减重效果.在航空工业中,飞机起落架主要承力件正逐步采用A100钢,且主要承力件多采用螺纹联接.为了提高螺纹疲劳寿命,提出了超声振动滚压强化工艺方法,设计了外螺纹超声滚压强化装置,进行了螺纹超声滚压强化前后性能对比试验.利用X射线分析仪、维式硬度计、粗糙度仪和疲劳试验机,分别测量了螺纹超声滚压强化前后的残余应力、维氏硬度、表面粗糙度以及疲劳寿命.结果表明,超声滚压强化后牙底残余应力提高了70％,显微硬度提高了14％,粗糙度降低了51％,600MPa应力条件下寿命提高了5倍.     

国外飞机机轮刹车系统的发展

阐述了航空机轮刹车系统最新的研究方向包括吸收能量更多并且更耐磨损的高密度碳材料,寻求更轻更强的结构部件材料,提升设计方法以优化刹车性能,机轮刹车系统的结构动力学研究,更大范围的电刹车装置和电刹车控制系统研究等。     

Remaining useful life estimation for deteriorating systems with time-varying operational conditions and condition-specific failure zones

Dynamic time-varying operational conditions pose great challenge to the estimation of system remaining useful life (RUL) for the deteriorating systems. This paper presents a method based on probabilistic and stochastic approaches to estimate system RUL for periodically moni-tored degradation processes with dynamic time-varying operational conditions and condition-specific failure zones. The method assumes that the degradation rate is influenced by specific oper-ational condition and moreover, the transition between different operational conditions plays the most important role in affecting the degradation process. These operational conditions are assumed to evolve as a discrete-time Markov chain (DTMC). The failure thresholds are also determined by specific operational conditions and described as different failure zones. The 2008 PHM Conference Challenge Data is utilized to illustrate our method, which contains mass sensory signals related to the degradation process of a commercial turbofan engine. The RUL estimation method using the sensor measurements of a single sensor was first developed, and then multiple vital sensors were selected through a particular optimization procedure in order to increase the prediction accuracy. The effectiveness and advantages of the proposed method are presented in a comparison with exist-ing methods for the same dataset.     

Aerodynamic optimization of rotor airfoil based on multi-layer hierarchical constraint method

Rotor airfoil design is investigated in this paper. There are many difficulties for this high-dimensional multi-objective problem when traditional multi-objective optimization methods are used. Therefore, a multi-layer hierarchical constraint method is proposed by coupling principal component analysis (PCA) dimensionality reduction and e-constraint method to translate the orig-inal high-dimensional problem into a bi-objective problem. This paper selects the main design objectives by conducting PCA to the preliminary solution of original problem with consideration of the priority of design objectives. According to the e-constraint method, the design model is estab-lished by treating the two top-ranking design goals as objective and others as variable constraints. A series of bi-objective Pareto curves will be obtained by changing the variable constraints, and the favorable solution can be obtained by analyzing Pareto curve spectrum. This method is applied to the rotor airfoil design and makes great improvement in aerodynamic performance. It is shown that the method is convenient and efficient, beyond which, it facilitates decision-making of the high-dimensional multi-objective engineering problem.     

一种鲁棒的概率核主成分分析模型

大数据时代面临的数据维数越来越高,对数据降维处理越发显得重要。经典的主成分分析模型已被证明是一种有效的数据降维方法。但它在处理非线性、存在噪声和异常点的数据时存在效果较差的问题。对此,文章提出了一种鲁棒概率核主成分分析模型。该模型将核方法与基于高斯隐变量模型的极大似然框架相结合,用多元 t分布作为先验分布,以同时解决主成分分析在这 3个方面的弊端。提出混合鲁棒概率核主成分分析模型,使其可直接用于对混合的非线性数据进行降维和聚类分析。在不同数据集上进行的实验结果表明,与标准的混合概率核主成分分析模型相比,文中模型在数据聚类方面有更高的准确率。