计量认证促进了核工业检测试验工作的开展

介绍了核工业系统内各检测试验中心在计量认证及复查评审中所开展的工作 ,以及由此带来的变化     

软件合格审定研发管理体系建立的要点研究

阐述了安全性对于航空产品的重要性,描述了当前航空产品合格审定现状及差距,形象解释了DO-178B的内容、开发流程及基本要素.结合体系建设的经验给出了建立符合DO-178B的合格审定研发体系需要研究的研究,以及每个要点需要考虑的因素,对我国军用航空产品研发体系建立软件合格审定体系起到了抛砖引玉的作用.     

“单片机应用设计师”的认证促进教学改革

职业资格证书是反映劳动者具备某种职业所需要的专门知识和技能的证明。单片机应用设计师职业资格认证是为广大有志于从事电子信息应用技术、电子产品开发的相关专业大专院校学生及其工程技术人员从事单片机技术研究与开发的重要依据,通过对学生的专业知识、技术、能力的考核和职业化的认证体系,充分体现企业用人需求和岗位技能要求,证书将作为求职、任职、单位录用的依据之一。阐述单片机应用设计师职业资格认证对高职院校《单片机应用技术》的实践教学内容、教学方法和教学手段进行改革的几点启示。     

从DO-178C的新变化透视软件适航关注点

深刻理解DO-178C标准对于提升机载软件开发能力具有重要意义。分别从软件生存周期过程活动和过程目标两个维度对比和分析DO-178C与DO-178B的差异,按照计划过程、开发过程、验证过程、配置管理过程、质量保证过程和合格审定联络过程分类,列举了每个过程新增的或变更的考虑内容,并详细分析了过程目标的变化。根据差异分析,从强调以目标为中心、源代码到目标码的映射、参数数据、双向追踪、基于需求的鲁棒性测试和耦合性验证6个方面解析了DO-178C强调的思想,并总结了一些可行的实践。     

Blade containment evaluation of civil aircraft engines

The potential hazard resulting from uncontained turbine engine rotor blade failure has always been the long-term concern of each aero engine manufacturer, and to fully contain the failed blades under critical operating conditions is also one of the most important considerations to meet the rotor integrity requirements. Usually, there are many factors involving the engine containment capability which need to be reviewed during the engine design phases, such as case thickness, rotor support structure, blade weight and shape, etc. However, the premier method to demonstrate the engine containment capability is the fan blade-off test and margin of safety (MS) analysis. Based on a concrete engine model, this paper aims to explain the key points of aero engine containment requirements in FAR Part 33, and introduces the implementation of MS analysis and fan blade-off test in the engine airworthiness certification. Through the introduction, it would be greatly helpful to the industrial community to evaluate the engine containment capability and prepare the final test demonstration in engine certification procedure.     

Design and fabrication of robotic gripper for grasping in minimizing contact force

This paper presents a new method to improve the kinematics of robot gripper for grasping in unstructured environments, such as space operations. The robot gripper is inspired from the human hand and kept the hand design close to the structure of human fingers to provide successful grasping capabilities. The main goal is to improve kinematic structure of gripper to increase the grasping capability of large objects, decrease the contact forces and makes a successful grasp of various objects in unstructured environments. This research will describe the development of a self-adaptive and reconfigurable robotic hand for space operations through mechanical compliance which is versatile, robust and easy to control. Our model contains two fingers, two-link and three-link, with combining a kinematic model of thumb index. Moreover, some experimental tests are performed to examine the effectiveness of the hand-made in real, unstructured tasks. The results represent that the successful grasp range is improved about 30% and the contact forces is reduced approximately 10% for a wide range of target object size. According to the obtained results, the proposed approach provides an accommodative kinematic model which makes the better grasping capability by fingers geometries for a robot gripper.     

人工制备冰雹的力学性能试验研究

人工制备的冰雹可用于多种航空附件冰撞测试。本文以ASTM F320—2010标准为基础,设计制作了多种冰雹,对冰雹的力学性能及影响冰雹力学性能的因素开展了研究。采用低温万能试验机对冰雹进行准静态试验,使用高速摄影技术深入分析冰雹破碎过程及特征,对比分析不同棉纤维种类、棉纤维特性和棉纤维含量下冰雹的力学性能。研究结果表明,含棉冰雹失效过程可分为3个阶段：线性增长阶段、屈服阶段和破碎阶段,失效过程中最大抗压强度出现在线性增长阶段末端。棉纤维的强度和弹性越好,冰雹破碎所需的加载力越大;棉纤维上附着的冰量越少,冰雹破碎所需的加载力越小。棉纤维含量增加可以加强棉纤维的连接作用,使含棉冰雹强度增加;但棉纤维含量到达15%时,继续增加棉纤维含量,冰雹抗压强度不会发生太大变化。亲水棉制成的冰雹抗压强度明显高于疏水棉制成的冰雹。研究结果可为中国民用大飞机适航符合性验证提供参考。     

Airworthiness Compliance Verification Method Based on Simulation of Complex System

A study is conducted on a new airworthiness compliance verification method based on pilot-aircraft-environment complex system simulation. Verification scenarios are established by "block diagram" method based on airworthiness criteria. A pilotaircraft-environment complex model is set up and a virtual flight testing method based on connection of MATLAB/Simulink and Flightgear is proposed. Special researches are conducted on the modeling of pilot manipulation stochastic parameters and manipulation in critical situation. Unfavorable flight factors of certain scenario are analyzed, and reliability modeling of important system is researched. A distribution function of small probability event and the theory on risk probability measurement are studied. Nonlinear function is used to depict the relationship between the cumulative probability and the extremum of the critical parameter. A synthetic evaluation model is set up, modified genetic algorithm (MGA) is applied to ascertaining the distribution parameter in the model, and a more reasonable result is obtained. A clause about vehicle control functions (VCFs) verification in MIL-HDBK-516B is selected as an example to validate the practicability of the method.     

关于PA-34飞机空中最小操纵速度的试验研究

主要介绍空中最小操纵速度,并以PA-34飞机的一次飞行试验为例,对空中最小操纵速度试飞的试验目标、试验方法和条件以及试验结果进行了论述。从飞机实际操作影响、FAA适航条款(14CFR23部)[1]等方面对该飞机的空中最小操纵速度试验结果进行了分析和讨论。试验表明,PA-34飞机的空中最小操纵速度满足FAA适航条款要求,飞机向好发动机方向适度倾斜会减小最小操纵速度。     

冷冻温度对适航测试冰雹力学性能影响

为研究航空飞行器透明外壳测试标准(ASTM-F320-2010)中含棉冰雹及航空发动机吸雹测试中纯冰冰雹的力学性能,设计并制作冰雹模具。以自然冰雹冷冻温度为准,采用不同冷冻温度制取冰雹并在万能试验机中对冰雹进行压缩,得到了冰雹的准静态抗压强度数据及冷冻温度与冰雹力学性能间关系。结果表明,冷冻温度在-10~-30 ℃变化时,纯冰冰雹平均抗压强度略有提高,约为2 MPa,而含棉冰雹平均最大抗压强度在该温度区间内并没有表现出明显地温度相关性;冷冻温度下降至-40 ℃,两种冰雹的平均抗压强度都有上升,冷冻温度对纯冰冰雹影响更加剧烈,纯冰冰雹上升更加显著;提出可将-40 ℃制作地测试冰雹加入我国未来商用航空发动机及民用大飞机适航测试试验考虑范围。