带自由表面水流的分离涡模拟

目前水动力学问题的数值求解仍然广泛采用RANS模型,特别对于大尺度的地表水流的数值模拟,该类模型计算效率较高,但其难以给出湍流场的小尺度涡结构.深入研究复杂地形条件下的水流运动,需要发展诸如LES等的高级数值模型.天然地表水流,地形、边界复杂,雷诺数通常较高,高级数值模拟受限于计算能力的限制,还难以工程应用.RANS和LES混合模型是目前具有工程应用的一种混合数值模型,其已经在CFD领域获得了长足发展.然而对于地表水流运动的数值模拟,相关工作还较少.本文将分离涡模型(DES),即一种RANS和LES的混合模型,应用于带自由表面的地表水流运动,建立了一套数值仿真模型.模型基于有限体积法,水平面内采用非结构计算网格,垂向为结构化网格,对流项离散格式采用二阶TVD格式,并行基于OpenMP语言库.算例表明DES模型有助于揭示复杂地形条件下带自由表面水流的大涡拟序结构.     

基于格子Boltzmann方法表面形貌对微通道对流换热的影响

为推动微通道冷却技术在航空发动机中的应用,进一步提高航空发动机性能,本文通过扫描电子显微镜、粗糙度扫描仪等多方式扫描得到实际加工物体表面形貌,结合分形理论进行处理,得到真实、光滑、分形插值、康托尔集四类圆形截面管模型,管径100μm~400μm;采用格子Boltzmann方法进行数值模拟,首先通过与文献中实验结果的对比,验证了此方法的正确性,然后对空气在这四类圆形截面微通道中的对流换热特性进行了数值模拟,计算雷诺数Re范围80~640;结果发现：表面形貌是微通道中对流换热不可忽略的因素,相对粗糙度越大越有利于换热,真实扫描管的换热性能要比相同条件下光滑管高2.22%;分形理论可用于微通道表面形貌的构建,在相同迭代次数下,分形插值模型与真实扫描形貌换热性能相差0.03%,而康托尔集模型与真实扫描形貌换热性能相差1.88%,分形插值模型较康托尔集模型更能真实地反映实际形貌;微通道中,随着雷诺数的增加Nu将不再是常数,而是有增加的趋势。     

基于压缩量偏差约束的整体叶盘砂布轮数控抛光路径规划

数控抛光是实现整体叶盘叶片表面光整加工自动化、高效化的关键技术,而抛光路径规划对表面质量有着显著的影响。在抛光曲面时,砂布轮沿接触曲线上的径向压缩量偏差导致材料去除量一致性较差。针对该问题,提出一种基于压缩量偏差约束的路径规划方法。通过对砂布轮受曲面挤压变形几何分析,建立了自由曲面抛光接触线上砂布轮压缩变形量分布模型。在给定刀触点处,以接触曲线上最大压缩量偏差最小化为评价指标构建了刀轴矢量优化模型,并利用改进的粒子群优化（PSO）算法进行求解。基于最优刀轴矢量,完成自由曲面上等参数相邻刀触轨迹曲线的计算。最后,通过数据对比和试验,验证了所提方法的正确性和有效性。结果表明,抛光区域的轮廓度、粗糙度均得到明显的改善。     

发动机唇口电热防冰系统性能仿真

采用三维耦合传热方法对发动机唇口电热防冰系统进行了多状态下的性能仿真,获得了唇口表面平衡温度及动态温升响应时间,以此评估防冰系统性能,并通过与冰风洞试验结果对比,对仿真过程进行了修正。研究表明:唇口表面加热区平衡温度均高于273.15 K,温升响应时间小于60 s,满足防冰需要,较为严酷的防冰状态点主要为飞行速度较大、环境温度较低的状态点;修正唇口材料导热系数后,仿真与试验结果吻合良好。研究结果能有效指导工程研制,对提高防除冰仿真分析结果的准确性提供了很好的借鉴。     

Evolution of periodic orbits near the Lagrangian point L2

A study of the evolution of the periodic and the quasi-periodic orbits near the Lagrangian point L₂, which is located to the right of the smaller primary on the line joining the primaries and whose distance from the more massive primary is greater than the distance between the primaries, in the framework of restricted three-body problem for the Sun–Jupiter, Earth–Moon (relatively large mass ratio) and Saturn–Titan (relatively small mass ratio) systems is made. Two families of periodic orbits around the smaller primary are identified using the Poincaré surface of section method – family I (initially elliptical, gradually becomes egg-shaped with the increase in the Jacobi constant C and elongated towards the more massive primary) and family II (initially egg-shaped orbits elongated towards L₂ and gradually becomes elliptical with the increase in C). The family I in the Sun–Jupiter and Saturn–Titan systems contains two separatrix caused by third-order and fourth-order resonances, while the Earth–Moon system has only one separatrix which is caused by third-order resonances. Also in the Sun–Jupiter and the Saturn–Titan systems, family I merge with family II, around Jacobian constant 3.0393 and 3.0163, respectively, while in the Earth–Moon system, family II evolves separately from two different branches. The two branches merge at C = 3.184515. In the Earth–Moon system, the family II contains a separatrix due to third-order resonances which is absent in the other two systems.     

Sliding mode control of reaction flywheel-based brushless DC motor with buck converter

Reaction flywheel is a significant actuator for satellites’ attitude control. To improve output torque and rotational speed accuracy for reaction flywheel, this paper reviews the modeling and control approaches of DC-DC converters and presents an application of the variable structure system theory with associated sliding regimes. Firstly, the topology of reaction flywheel is constructed. The small signal linearization process for a buck converter is illustrated. Then, based on the state averaging models and reaching qualification expressed by the Lee derivative, the general results of the sliding mode control (SMC) are analyzed. The analytical equivalent control laws for reaction flywheel are deduced detailedly by selecting various sliding surfaces at electromotion, energy consumption braking, reverse connection braking stages. Finally, numerical and experimental examples are presented for illustrative purposes. The results demonstrate that favorable agreement is established between the simulations and experiments. The proposed control strategy achieves preferable rotational speed regulation, strong rejection of modest disturbances, and high-precision output torque and rotational speed tracking abilities.     

共形光学系统设计研究

共形光学整流罩在保证了光学指标的前提下,与后端的其他结构外形轮廓平滑连接,从而提高了飞行器空气动力学的性能,在航空航天领域具有重要的应用价值。然而,采用特殊面型的整流罩给共形光学系统的像差校正以及加工、检测方面带来了极大的挑战。本文首先分析了共形整流罩像差特性,并在此基础上介绍了两种典型的光学设计。     

提高飞行器升力的若干方法研究

本研究用数值模拟方法研究了四种增升方法。数据模拟的出发方程是可压流的Ｎ－Ｓ方程，格式为Ｂｅａｍ－Ｗａｒｍｉｎｇ格式的改进型。通过上述方法分别研究了：（１）动界效应对提高升力的作用；（２）涡的有利干扰对主升力面的影响；（３）吸气的驻涡增效应；（４）升力面下表面向下喷气的增升作用。研究结果表明，采用上述四种方法可有效地提高飞行器的升力，对改善飞行器的性能有着十分重要的意义。     

相变光盘多层膜系结构的最佳光匹配研究

论述了相变光盘最佳膜系结构的设计。采用导纳矩阵法计算膜系的能量反射率，用量优化计算方法编程计算，提出了第二大极值解作为在工艺上可行的实用光盘的膜系结构，并按这种膜系结构制作样品，其擦写循环数达１００万次上。     

二级轻气炮弹丸速度、质量和位置测量

二级轻气炮发射的氘冰弹丸的速度、质量和显示弹丸完整性的方法和所使用的仪器以及新开发的以波长编码、用光纤为传感器的弹丸进入位置的测量方法。