ESA’s process for the identification and assessment of high-risk conjunction events

ESA’s Space Debris Office provides an operational service for the assessment of collision risks of ESA satellites. Currently, the ENVISAT and ERS-2 missions in low Earth orbits are covered by this service. If an upcoming high-risk conjunction event is predicted based on analysis of Two-Line Element (TLE) data from the US Space Surveillance Network, then independent tracking data of the potential high-risk conjunction object are acquired to improve the knowledge of its orbit. This improved knowledge and the associated small error covariances derived from the orbit determination process scale down the position error ellipsoid at the conjunction epoch. Hence, for the same miss-distance, in most cases an avoidance manoeuvre can be suppressed with an acceptable residual risk.     

Prediction of horizontal gas–solid flows under different gravitational fields

In this paper the performance of horizontal pneumatic conveying under different gravity environments is evaluated. An Euler–Lagrange approach validated versus ground experiments is employed to predict the relevant particle variables such as particle mass flux, mean conveying and fluctuating velocities in terrestrial, lunar and micro-gravity conditions. Gravity reduced computations predict a reduction in the global particle–wall collision frequency. Also, in the case of low wall roughness and small particle mass loading, reduction of gravity acceleration implies an increase of particle–wall collision frequency with the upper wall of the channel affecting greatly the particle mass flux profile. In the case of high wall roughness and/or high particle-to-fluid mass loading (i.e., around 1.0) particle conveying characteristics are similar in the three gravity conditions evaluated. This is due to the fact that both, wall roughness and inter-particle collisions reduce gravitational settling. However, the influence of gravity on the additional pressure loss along the channel due to the conveying of the particles is much reduced.     

Virtual target guidance-based distributed model predictive control for formation control of multiple UAVs

The paper proposes a Virtual Target Guidance (VTG)-based distributed Model Predictive Control (MPC) scheme for formation control of multiple Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). First, a framework of distributed MPC scheme is designed in which each UAV only shares the information with its neighbors, and the obtained local Finite-Horizon Optimal Control Problem (FHOCP) can be solved by swarm intelligent optimization algorithm. Then, a VTG approach is developed and integrated into the distributed MPC scheme to achieve trajectory tracking and obstacle avoidance. Further, an event-triggered mechanism is proposed to reduce the computational burden for UAV formation control, which takes into consideration the predictive state errors as well as the convergence of cost function. Numerical simulations show that the proposed VTG-based distributed MPC scheme is more computationally efficient to achieve formation control of multiple UAVs in comparison with the traditional distributed MPC method.     

一种基于Hopfield神经网络的TF／TA航迹规划算法

提出一种基于Hopfield神经网络的无人机地形跟随(TF)/地形回避(TA)迹规划方法.该方法将地研信息反映到算法参数连接权中,利用扩展的Hopfield模型结合无人机约束实现航迹安全、合理的规划.仿真实验证明该方法能获得满意的TF/TA航迹.     

一种实用的地形回避/地形跟踪算法

给出了一套地形回避/地形跟踪算法,即动态规划法与线性规划算法,根据即时的飞行任务、地形数据、威胁区信息与天气情况等,可以实时在线地规划出有人驾驶或无人自主控制的飞行器的三维最优飞行轨迹。该算法与软件包在F-16战机的地形回避/地形跟踪系统的升级改造中得到了成功应用。     

巡航导弹航向规避弹道的优化设计

航向规避弹道的设计可视为一个多约束的优化问题。对此，通过选择导弹到达每个航路点的时间，用两点约束问题代替多点约束问题，得出了控制能量最优解，并分析了弹道特性。计算结果表明，弹道曲线在不超出导弹可用过载的前提下，通过所有航路点，并满足落点要求。该方法可用于航迹规划研究。     

基于自组网策略的多机编队与防撞任务研究

近年来多旋翼无人机编队飞行技术取得了巨大的突破,将无人机技术与自组网技术相结合将会促进无人机集群技术的发展。为了促进无人机编队飞行技术的发展,以5架六旋翼无人机为研究对象,重点研究了基于自组网策略的多旋翼无人机队形组成、队形保持、队形重构以及飞行过程中的避碰策略,设计了数据闭环的地面编队控制软件并进行试飞验证。测试结果表明,该数据闭环地面编队控制软件稳定可靠,实现了编队队形组成、保持、重构以及在队形变换过程中的机间避碰等功能,对多旋翼无人机编队飞行工程化实现具有一定的参考价值。     

飞机容冰技术的研究进展

回顾了国内外在飞机结冰方面的研究情况。在此基础上．介绍了近年来国外在飞机容冰技术研究中的最新设想——智能防冰系统(SIS)，对SIS研究中涉及的结冰气动模型进行了探讨，从飞行安全角度出发．给出了SIS中结冰飞行包线保护系统的基本原理及实现方法。     

地形跟随适应角控制方法

(1)综述了国内外地形跟随技术的发展与应用概况;(2)详细介绍了地形跟随适应角控制方法的原理、技术改进及其控制指令算法;(3)将适应角法与另一经典控制方法——样板法进行了比较。通过一条零指令线,说明了两者本质上的一致性;(4)从航迹优化的角度,给出三次样条肮迹的基本模型,讨论了适应角法的参数优化设计问题,给出了一种可行的设计方法;(5)以适应角法为基础构成地形跟随控制系统,分析了系统的基本要求和系统基本组成,研究了其飞行控制系统的设计原则与方法;(6)以某型飞机作为研究对象,进行了地形跟随系统的数字仿真,给出了框图及仿真结果。最后通过分析比较,说明适应角法地形跟随系统的控制方案是可行的。     

主从式编队航天器连通性保持与碰撞规避

针对主从式航天器编队过程中存在的通信距离约束、航天器之间的碰撞以及空间干扰等问题,提出一种基于非线性干扰观测器和人工势函数的分布性协同控制方法。当初始通信网络连通时,通过在分布式协同控制器中引入吸引势函数,保证整个编队过程中通信网络始终是连通的。针对主航天器速度仅有部分从航天器直接可知的情况,为每一个从航天器设计分布式的速度观测器估计主航天器的速度,从而实现航天器之间的速度协同。此外,通过在控制器中引入非线性干扰观测器对外界干扰进行观测,显著增强了航天器编队的精度。仿真结果表明,本文提出的分布式协同控制方法不但能够实现对主航天器的速度跟踪以及航天器之间的队形保持,而且能够在编队过程中实现通信网络的连通性保持和航天器之间的碰撞规避。