等离子喷涂制备W丝增强NiAl单层复合材料的界面研究

采用等离子喷涂法制备了W丝增强NiAl单层复合材料并研究了该材料内部与界面相关的问题.研究表明:作为增强体的W丝与NiAl基体具有较好的稳定性,制备态的W/NiAl界面为非冶金结合,其界面处无元素的互扩散及界面反应发生;在模拟热压工艺的两种退火热处理(800 ℃/3 h,1 200 ℃/48 h)状态下,W丝/NiAl界面的结合强度增加,但界面处未出现可见的元素的互扩散层,只是W丝与结晶后NiAl熔滴颗粒之间的氧化物层明显增厚.另一方面,等离子喷涂工艺会给NiAl基体内部带来氧化物的内分界面,该界面的存在会导致NiAl基体的脆断.     

Absolute and Convective Instabilities of Circularly Polarized Alfvén Waves

We discuss the recent progress in studying the absolute and convective instabilities of circularly polarized Alfvén waves (pump waves) propagating along an ambient magnetic field in the approximation of ideal magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). We present analytical results obtained for pump waves with small dimensionless amplitude a, and compare them with numerical results valid for arbitrary a. The type of instability, absolute or convective, depends on the velocity U of the reference frame where the pump wave is observed with respect to the rest plasma. One of the main results of our analysis is that the instability is absolute when U _l < U < U _r and convective otherwise. We study the dependences of U _l and U _r on a and the ratio of the sound speed to the Alfvén speed b. We also present the results of calculation of the increment of the absolute instability on U for different values of a and b. When the instability is convective (U < U _l or U > U _r) we consider the signalling problem, and show that spatially amplifying waves exist only when the signalling frequency is in two symmetric frequency bands. Then, we write down the analytical expressions determining the boundaries of these frequency bands and discuss how they agree with numerically calculated values. We also present the dependences of the maximum spatial amplification rate on U calculated both analytically and numerically. The implication of the obtained results on the interpretation of observational data from space missions is discussed. In particular, it is shown that circularly polarized Alfvén waves propagating in the solar wind are convectively unstable in a reference frame of any realistic spacecraft.     

静电探针法对等离子体参数的测定

静电探针(又称朗谬尔探针)是最早被用于等离子体的诊断工具,它是在等离子体密度和温度比较低的情况下测定等离子体参数的基本方法。文章利用等离子体环境地面模拟设备,采用静电探针的方法,对等离子参数进行测定。并给出了模拟环境的测量结果,分析运行气压及微波功率对等离子体密度的影响。最后通过均匀性及稳定性测试,证明该等离子体地面模拟设备可以满足比较均匀的等离子体环境。     

大尺寸金刚石膜生长中等离子体弧源的稳定性

保持等离子体弧源稳定性对于制备大尺寸平面金刚石膜极其重要,故从理论和实验两个方面对等离子体弧源稳定性进行了分析。研究表明,为了保持弧源的稳定,必须在生长过程中,保持稳定的电子温度和均匀的活性原子及原子基团密度。金刚石膜在某些条件下长时间生长时,会发生阳极环积碳现象,导致等离子体弧源扰动失稳,从而引起生长的金刚石膜含有石墨杂质。通过预处理阳极环、控制碳源、加大氢气量等措施可保持弧源稳定。在此条件下生长金刚石膜,经SEM,Raman分析表明,其晶粒均匀、晶界清晰,仅有金刚石特征峰出现。     

冲压加速器的冷发射试验

冲压加速器是一种利用化学能将弹丸加速到7km／s的新装置，在航天工程和常规兵器领域具有极大的潜在应用前景，美、法、德、日、韩等发达国家纷纷开展此项研究，并取得了令人鼓舞的初步成果。本文首先描述冲压加速器的原理，然后介绍了我国第一座冲压加速器─—气动中心超高速所的37mm口径冲压加速器，以及已成功完成的冷发射试验。     

电弧等离子体射流光谱学诊断系统及软件包

本文描述了电弧等离子体射流光谱信号自动化ＣＣＤ测量系统，介绍了自行研制的诊断软件包的功能。我们采用的ＣＣＤ测量系统，数据采集和处理由ＰＣ机实施，其测量速度达到毫秒级，、波长分辨率为０．０１ｎｍ，一次测量光谱范围为２２．０ｎｍ。利用该系统对纯氩和氩、氮混合电弧等离子体射流进行了测量，获得了射流的原子和分子光谱谱图。     

Vertical plasma transport in the ionosphere over Irkutsk during St. Patrick’s Day geomagnetic storm: Observations and modeling

The St. Patrick’s Day storm being the strongest geomagnetic storm of Solar Cycle 24 caused strong changes in ionospheric and thermospheric dynamics. The paper presents a study of vertical plasma transport in the ionosphere during the St. Patrick’s Day storm with using both observations and modeling. The observations give the ionospheric peak height obtained with the chirp vertical sounding ionosonde and the neutral wind velocities obtained with the Fabry-Perot interferometer. The ionospheric peak height is an indicator of the total vertical plasma transport, while meridional wind and electromagnetic drift are the two main drivers of the vertical plasma transport. The Global Self-consistent Model of the Thermosphere, Ionosphere, and Protonosphere used in this study gives the total set of ionospheric and thermospheric parameters including F2-layer peak height, neutral wind velocities, electric field, and neutral composition. The model/data comparison allows us to obtain two main results. The first one is an estimation of the model prediction possibilities under storm conditions. The second result is an indirect assessment of the neutral wind and electric field contribution into the changes in the ionospheric peak height in the case of the St. Patrick’s Day geomagnetic storm.     

马来酸酐接枝壳聚糖的微波法合成及其吸附性能

以硝酸铈铵为引发剂,采用微波辐射,合成了马来酸酐接枝壳聚糖。通过正交实验考察了微波辐射功率、微波辐射时间和反应温度等因素对接枝率和接枝效率的影响。当马来酸酐与壳聚糖的摩尔比为2:1,硝酸铈铵浓度为1.5mmol/L时,经优化确定的合成条件是:微波功率为600w,反应温度为90℃,反应时间为30min。并用红外光谱对产物的结构进行了表征,同时比较了接枝壳聚糖的吸附性能。结果表明马来酸酐接枝壳聚糖对Cd2 的吸附率及对污水的去浊率都大于壳聚糖。     

二茂铁功能化SBA-15的制备及其对AP／HTPB固体复合推进剂燃烧催化作用研究

二茂铁(Fc)及其衍生物是AP/HTPB固体复合推进剂的有效燃速催化剂,但在推进剂中的迁移始终是其应用的最大障碍。将二茂铁通过缩合反应接枝到介孔材料SBA-15的表面,制备了一种低迁移催化剂Fc-SBA-15。X射线衍射和N2吸附-脱附实验表明,Fc均匀致密地固定在了SBA-15的内外表面,Fc的负载没有对SBA-15的介孔结构造成破坏。改进的迁移性实验表明,制备的Fc-SBA-15复合材料是一种低迁移的催化剂。Fc-SBA-15对AP的热分解与AP/HTPB推进剂的燃烧具有较好的催化效果,添加2%的Fc-SBA-15使AP的高温热分解峰温度降低64℃,使AP/HTPB固体复合推进剂的燃速提高43%,压强指数下降30%。     

基于PIC方法的离子发动机光学系统粒子模拟

采用单元内粒子(PIC, Particle-In-Cell)方法对离子发动机光学系统进行了等离子体粒子模拟.PIC方法可有效地对等离子体进行粒子模拟,其中电场求解采用SOR(Successive Over Relaxation)方法,离子加速方法采用蛙跳格式.推进剂采用氙,模拟粒子为单核离子.模拟得到了栅极间电势分布、电场强度分布及栅极间氙离子数密度分布.计算结果表明,在所取的光学系统电压参数和几何参数下,粒子束能够顺利通过栅极孔,不会撞击到栅极孔壁上.粒子模拟为今后开展离子发动机光学系统腐蚀机理分析及寿命评估提供了有效的数值方法.