一种融合卡尔曼滤波的改进时空上下文跟踪算法

针对时空上下文跟踪算法对快速运动和遭受严重遮挡目标的跟踪精度下降问题,提出一种融合卡尔曼滤波的改进时空上下文跟踪算法。首先人工标记目标所在的矩形区域,然后利用改进的时空上下文算法对目标进行稳定跟踪,在跟踪过程中,基于连续两帧图像灰度的欧氏距离判定目标跟踪状态,当判定目标遭受严重遮挡时,利用卡尔曼滤波进行预测估计。算法对噪声有一定的容忍度,通过降低噪声对跟踪过程的影响,能够得到更优的目标区域。仿真实验结果表明:本文算法适用于不同光照强度下高速、高机动目标的稳定跟踪,并且对目标的尺度变化和短时严重遮挡具有鲁棒性。算法帧平均耗时为34.07ms;帧几何中心平均误差为5.43pixel,比时空上下文算法减少70.2%;目标轮廓面积平均误差为13.08%,比时空上下文算法减少52.7%。     

民航专业英语教学法初探

通过对历年来常见英语教学方法的对比,结合民航所需人才模式和专业英语教学的现状分析,提出民航专业英语教学应针对成年人学习英语的特点,发展以认知法和交际法为主,兼收其他之长的教学方法。认为专业英语教学应立足于语言标准、信息充实的教材,重视语法教学,着重培养学生的速读和速译能力,在阅读基础上发展会话能力。     

基于CNS性能及人为因素的纵向碰撞风险研究

为了分析CNS性能及人为因素对航空器在平行航路的安全间距影响,基于雷达管制环境下管制员对航空器纵向穿越的干预过程,在传统碰撞风险模型的基础上引入认知可靠性与失误分析方法(CREAM),综合考虑通信、导航、监视(Communication,Navigation and Surveillance,CNS)性能以及人为因素,建立了包含人的认知可靠性的平行航路纵向碰撞风险模型.并通过算例分析了CNS性能以及人因可靠性对平行航路碰撞风险的影响.结果表明,导航性能对航路的纵向碰撞风险影响较大;通过提高人的认知可靠性可以有效地提高平行航路的安全水平.     

词汇、短语和句式层面上否定构式翻译的认知研究

为了进行翻译创造性的认知研究,分析归纳了词汇形态、短语、句式的语言不同层面的否定构式类型,运用了构式和词汇(词干)的双向互动理论、构式压制理论、心理空间理论、交互主观性理论、认知隐喻理论,融合了构式语法和认知语言学理论于翻译研究中,揭示了翻译创造性研究与人们的认知思维、心理表征和语境密切相关,拓宽了翻译的认知研究范围,为构式语法和认知语言学理论融合互补于翻译研究,提供了借鉴方法。     

Reasoning about Depth and Motion from an Observer's Viewpoint

ABSTRACT

The goal of this paper is to present a logic-based formalism for representing knowledge about objects in space and their movements, and show how this knowledge could be built up from the viewpoint of an observer immersed in a dynamic world. In this paper space is represented using functions that extract attributes of depth, size and distance from snapshots of the world. These attributes compose a novel spatial reasoning system named Depth Profile Calculus (DPC). Transitions between qualitative relations involving these attributes are represented by an extension of this calculus called Dynamic Depth Profile Calculus (DDPC). We argue that knowledge about objects in the world could be built up via a process of abduction on DDPC relations.     

The cognitive adequacy of Allen's interval calculus for qualitative spatial representation and reasoning

Qualitative spatial reasoning (QSR) is often claimed to be cognitively more plausible than conventional numerical approaches to spatial reasoning, because it copes with the indeterminacy of spatial data and allows inferences based on incomplete spatial knowledge. The paper reports experimental results concerning the cognitive adequacy of an important approach used in QSR, namely the spatial interpretation of the interval calculus introduced by Allen (1983). Knauff, Rauh and Schlieder (1995) distinguished between the conceptual and inferential cognitive adequacy of Allen's interval calculus. The former refers to the thirteen base relations as a representational system and the latter to the compositions of these relations as a tool for reasoning. The results of two memory experiments on conceptual adequacy show that people use ordinal information similar to the interval relations when representing and remembering spatial arrangements. Furthermore, symmetry transformations on the interval relations were found to be responsible for most of the errors, whereas conceptualneighborhood theory did not appear to correspond to cognitively relevant concepts. Inferential adequacy was investigated by two reasoning experiments and the results show that in inference tasks where the number of possible interval relations for the composition is more than one, subjects ignore numerous possibilities and interindividually prefer the same relations. Reorientations and transpositions operating on the relations seem to be important for reasoning performance as well, whereas conceptual neighborhood did not appear to affect the difficulty of reasoning tasks based on the interval relations.     

On early cognitive mapping

In this paper we examine the nature of theearly cognitive map – the beginnings of acognitive map formed from one's earlyimpressions of the environment one is in. Twodistinct paradigms have emerged from ourstudies of what information is initially identified in a cognitive map. The first, which weterm a space-based approach, emphasises makingexplicit the spatial extent of the currentlocal environment. The second emphasises makingexplicit the relationships between objects inthe local environment and we call this anobject-based approach. For both paradigms weexamine the psychological literature to findsupport for the approach and the roboticists'attempts at implementing the idea. We arguethat a space-based approach is the moreappropriate way to compute an early cognitivemap. In particular, we find that Siegel andWhite's (1975) object-based hypothesis, whichstates that the developmental progression of acognitive map is from landmark to route tosurvey map, is not supported. The space-basedparadigm underpins our own work in this areaand we outline our own space-based theory forcomputing an early cognitive map.     

创建基于MTS的商务组件

简要介绍了Com 的概念以及其在Windows2000分布式环境中的重要性。阐述作为一种分布式技术，COM 是如何实现跨数据库事务的。解释了微软服务器端组件MTS以及涉及的永久上下文技术。     

大学英语课堂文化语境建构的实践研究

语言与文化的关系密不可分,只学习语言本身,缺少对外语文化的了解已不能适应目前跨文化交际的需求。作为大学英语教师,不能忽视文化语境的教学,文化语境的建构和提高大学生跨文化交际能力正是项目的研究目的。从提高大学生跨文化交际的必要性、方法,及如何在课堂上灌输文化教学的实践基础出发,为大学英语教师适应新时代的大学英语教学提供借鉴。