航天器介质充电效应模拟试验中的非接触式电位转接测量技术

航天器充放电效应地面模拟试验中需要测量的一个重要参数是介质的充电电位。文章基于介质充电电位的非接触式转接测量技术,分析了测量中引起误差的各个因素,讨论了减小测量误差和提高转接测量分辨率的方法,并进行试验验证。据此设计了一套介质电位非接触式转接测量系统,其测量分辨率达到10 V以下,且由电荷泄漏引起的测量误差1%,能够满足航天器介质充电电位的测量要求。     

木星极光等离子体环境表面充电三维仿真分析

木星为太阳系内少有的强磁场行星,其等离子体环境十分恶劣,可对木星探测器造成严重的表面充电效应。文章采用有限元方法,借助COMSOL仿真软件,对航天器表面充电现象进行三维仿真,结合NASCAP-2k以及SPIS软件对比验证了GEO表面充电效应的模拟结果,证明了该仿真方法的有效性。对航天器在木星极光等离子体环境下的表面充电现象仿真分析结果表明,在木星背景等离子体环境中15RJ处,航天器表面充电电位较低,仅为平均-80 V左右;而在木星极光等离子体中,航天器表面充电电位最高可以达到-36.7 k V,CERS等材料表面充电电位差最大可以达到-16 k V,具有较高的放电风险。     

高超声速喷管非平衡黏性流动的数值研究

分别采用平衡气体模型、化学非平衡气体模型和热化学非平衡气体模型,通过求解轴对称Navier-Stokes方程组,数值模拟了法国Marseille高焓激波风洞锥型喷管(H₀=10.3MJ/kg),分析了热化学非平衡效应对喷管流动的影响,给出了平动温度、振动温度、马赫数和组分质量数在轴对称线上的分布与喷管出口附近的速度和温度沿径向分布等结果。计算结果表明:化学反应速度加快,会导致喷管出口温度增加,振动能的冻结会导致喷管出口温度降低。     

泡沫型干扰幕对激光透射的多界面效应研究

基于特种泡沫的新型长效无污染多波段干扰技术,针对激光武器的有效干扰问题,研究了干扰泡沫的多界面特征对激光透射锐减效应的影响。     

刷式密封吹下效应诱发机理流固耦合数值研究

分析了刷式密封吹下效应理论模型,建立基于arbitrary Lagrange-Euler(ALE)流固耦合方法的刷式密封吹下效应三维瞬态数值模型,在验证数值模型准确性的基础上,分别研究了刷丝轴向、径向和截面变形特性,量化分析了刷丝径向吹下量,揭示了刷式密封吹下效应诱发机理.研究表明:刷式密封吹下效应会减小刷丝径向间隙,...     

材料粗糙度变化对卫星光谱红化效应的影响

在轨人造目标的地基观测光谱存在红化效应,影响对目标反射光谱的理解应用.目标在进入空间环境后外露材料表面粗糙度发生变化.本文结合材料的光谱散射特性、卫星轨道和观测条件,仿真分析了卫星表面材料粗糙度变化对红化效应的影响.基于文献中实验数据,设计不同粗糙度的卫星表面材料样本,模拟空间环境中材料表面粗糙度的变化.利用双向反射分布函数,建立不同粗糙度材料样本的光谱散射模型.理论模拟结果表明,材料表面粗糙度的变化会影响其光谱散射特性,散射光谱形态和散射分布取决于粗糙度及入射-反射几何关系.引入网格剖分和可见面片,利用材料双向反射分布函数,仿真计算卫星表面材料在不同粗糙度状态下,整个卫星在可见光波段的反射光谱信号.仿真结果表明,随着卫星表面材料粗糙度的增加,其反射光谱在600nm之后随波长增加而呈现上升趋势,这表明空间环境中外露材料表面粗糙度变化是卫星产生红化效应的原因之一.      

连续小推力条件下星座轨道机动方法研究

基于连续小推力条件下星座轨道机动的动力学特性分析,研究了其入轨的布局置入和离轨机动方法。地球轨道上的大型星座数量巨大,传统的轨迹优化方法较难应用。针对多星入轨的星座布局置入任务,求解了分时序抬轨的相位调整问题,并在轨道抬升过程中,利用轨道倾角偏置补偿升交点赤经漂移。针对星座中卫星的离轨任务,设计了半长轴和偏心率的联合调整方法。在保证卫星快速离轨的同时,能够有效减少燃料的消耗。考虑到连续小推力机动的弧段效应,控制策略需要围绕控制效应的曲线积分进行优化。     

前缘下垂结合内吹式襟翼失速特性研究

内吹式襟翼具有高效的增升能力,但失速迎角在较高的吹气动量系数下下降明显,为改善其失速特性,研究内吹式襟翼加装前缘下垂后的失速特性。对前缘下垂结合无缝襟翼的亚声速翼型在环量控制作用下的流场进行数值模拟,研究吹气动量系数对失速特性的影响规律,前缘刚性偏转、弯度变化和厚度变化对失速特性的改善作用,以及改变襟翼偏角研究前缘下垂的作用效果。结果表明：随着吹气动量系数的增加,失速迎角先迅速下降再略微增加;前缘下垂装置减小了翼型上表面逆压梯度,延缓了翼型边界层动量厚度随迎角增加而增加的趋势,能有效提高失速迎角;通过逐渐改变前缘表面曲率,实现了前缘下垂设计对失速特性改善的最好效果。     

An improved prediction model for corner stall in axial compressors with dihedral effect

Corner stall predictions are important and difficult in axial compressors. However, all of the prediction models have proved to be ineffective for advanced compressor blades, which tend to use the combined sweep and dihedral. As for the prediction parameter DL, although it effectively modeled the effects of the adverse pressure gradient and secondary flow, it failed to predict the corner stall of curved blades because the model failed to consider the intersection of the boundary layer at the corner region. In this paper, the shape factor gradient Ψ of the boundary layer at the corner region was investigated by numerically studying specially shaped expansion pipes under different adverse pressure gradients. The improved prediction parameter DJ was presented based on the model of Ψ and the circumferential pressure gradient ξ. A comparison of the critical range of the prediction parameters DL and DJ was investigated using the NACA65 cascade database, which was established by a numerical method. Then, the stall criterion was validated according to the experimental results of various test facilities with different blade geometries and experimental conditions. The results show that the improved prediction parameter is able to predict the corner separation/stall flows and is in good agreement with the experimental results for axial compressors with three-dimensional designed blades.     

Experimental of combustion instability in NTO/MMH impinging combustion chambers

This paper presents an experimental study into dynamics of chamber pressure and heat release rate during self-excited spinning and standing azimuthal mode in NTO/MMH (nitrogen tetroxide/monomethylhydrazine) impinging combustion chambers. Nine cases including two combustion chamber configurations were conducted. The operating conditions of all unstable cases were located in the instability region according to Hewitt empirical correlation. The results show that chamber pressure oscillations keep pace with the corresponding OH* chemiluminescence intensity over the whole combustion region in the spinning and standing modes. It is indicated that the Rayleigh index is positive over the whole combustion area in all the unstable cases. A significant supersonic flame front structure of the first-order spinning mode was found in a cylindrical chamber, which means that a detonation wave could exist in the cylindrical chamber without a center body. The pressure and heat release rate oscillations at the pressure node are nonnegligible although their amplitudes are lower than those at the pressure antinode in the first-order standing mode with an annular chamber. Besides, the dominant frequency of pressure and heat release rate oscillations at the pressure node is twice as high as that at the pressure antinode.