考虑杆臂效应与挠曲变形的全自动着舰技术

联合精确进近和着陆系统（JPALS）舰载组件旨在为最终进近阶段的舰载机提供自动着舰能力。针对由于舰船杆臂效应与挠曲变形的存在导致舰载机着舰定位精度下降的问题,开发了一种基于卫星引导的全自动着舰非线性化参数误差模型,结合舰船甲板运动及舰载机纵向飞行控制模型,评估舰船结构挠曲和姿态不确定性对着舰落点精度的影响。结果表明,杆臂效应与挠曲变形对着舰落点精度有显著影响,利用建立的误差模型以及飞行控制模型,能够将着舰落点精度有效控制在着舰标准之内。     

基于SIMP法的周期性传热材料拓扑优化

为了实现基于宏观热传导条件的周期性材料微结构设计,建立了基于固体各向同性材料惩罚法的周期性结构拓扑优化模型.模型以体积比为约束,散热弱度最小为优化目标.为了满足周期性约束,将设计域划分为若干相同子区域,并重新分配散热弱度.基于偏微分方程的图像处理方式可以有效地消除棋盘格和网格依赖性现象.讨论并分析了不同子区域个数及不同载荷工况对拓扑优化构型的影响.数值实验结果表明:周期性结构的建模方式可以实现基于宏观稳态热传导条件的周期性材料微结构设计.子区域个数不同时,优化得到不同的微结构构型,这反映了尺寸效应对材料设计的影响.当子区域个数不断增加时,优化结果逐渐趋向收敛于均匀化方法对应的极限值.      

Enhanced electrothermal effect of carbon fibrous composites decorated with high conductive carbon nanotube webs

Literature has demonstrated that Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) can greatly enhance the electrical conductivity and matrix-dominated mechanical properties of fibrous composites. However, electrothermal coupling effect of CNTs on Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics (CFRPs) has scarcely been considered. This work prepared and introduced thin and porous CNT webs to the surface or/and interface of a CFRP to enhance its electrothermal properties. The results show that CNT webs can enhance the transverse electrical conductivities of the CFRP by 231%−519% in a current range of 50–150 mA, when compared to the base-CFRP. Also, the surface temperature of CNT webs decorated CFRP can be improved by 20.5–32.3 °C within 3 min showing a self-heating rate of 6.8–10.8 °C/min just with an applied voltage of 20–30 V, increased by 152%−177% when compared to the base-CFRP (2.7–3.9 °C/min). Also, deicing can be finished within 4–10 min with a voltage of 18 V and an input power of 246 W/m². Moreover, the electrothermal processes nearly have no negative effect on the mechanical properties of the CFRP. The relatively low input power and short response time for deicing make the CNT webs decorated CFRP may be a potential new generation for aeronautical deicing structure.     

Diagnostic and modelling investigation on the ion acceleration and plasma throttling effects in a dual-emitter hollow cathode micro-thruster

Hollow cathode discharges are widely used as neutralizers for the electric propulsion systems and recently developed into micro-thrusters for the small satellites. In this work, a dual-emitter hollow cathode thruster is developed, which can be operated in two different modes—the neutralizer mode and the micro-thruster mode. For characterizing this kind of new device, the Langmuir probe, Faraday probe, and retarding potential analyzer are used to determine the electron temperature, electron density, ion flux, and ion energy distribution function. The operating parameters, including the thrust, and specific impulse, are also measured. A two-dimensional self-consistent extended fluid model is employed to calculate the spatial distribution of plasma parameters and the fluid field of electrons in the region around the emitters. By comparing the diagnostic and modelling results, it is found that the change in the electric field and ionization zone is the essential reason for the different performances of the device in the neutralizer and micro-thruster modes. Variation in the electric field leads to an ion acceleration effect in the micro-thruster mode; moving of the ionization zone raises the plasma pressure in the orifice region of the hollow cathode, and thus leads to enhanced plasma throttling and gas expanding effects. By analyzing the above mechanisms, the possible methods for improving this kind of hollow cathode micro-thruster are discussed.     

低剂量电离辐射环境下微生物群落物种多样性的产生和维持机制

空间站微生物严重滋生现象表明：在低剂量电离辐射（Low-Dose Ionizing Radiation,LDIR）环境下,微生物群落物种多样性水平大大增加,其机制目前尚不清楚。在前期调查和具体实验观测的基础上,本研究首次提出LDIR能够使微生物群落中的物种产生不同程度的生长延迟效应,从而减小了物种之间的竞争排斥,诱导并维持了微生物群落的物种多样性。本研究基于经典的Lotka-Volterra竞争模型,将生长延迟时间环节引入其中,得到LDIR下微生物群落的演替模型,在Matlab/Simulink平台上进行大规模的计算机仿真实验,获得LDIR下微生物多样性产生和维持的动力学机制,得到结果可为认识低剂量电离辐射环境下微生物群落的演替过程提供科学的理论依据。     

永磁同步电机永磁体分块对涡流损耗的影响分析

逆变器供电的永磁同步电机(PMSM)中电子器件的高频开关会产生高频的电流时间谐波,进而引起永磁体涡流损耗的显著增加。给出了一种考虑电流时间谐波的永磁体涡流损耗计算的解析式,详细分析了永磁体尺寸和透入深度与涡流损耗之间的关系,并通过一个理想的3D模型进行验证。以1台逆变器供电的48槽8极PMSM为例进行涡流损耗仿真计算,结果表明:永磁体合理的分块数可以有效减少涡流损耗。     

Periodic atomization characteristics of simplex swirl injector induced by klystron effect

The atomization dynamic characteristics of a simplex swirl injector was investigated experimentally by using a hydrodynamic mechanical pulsator and the shadow photography technique. The frequency response characteristics of the fluid film and atomization fluctuations and their correlations with pressure fluctuations were obtained by using an in-house code of image processing. It is demonstrated that the klystron effect induced by periodic pressure fluctuations results in periodic liquid film fluctuation with large amplitudes, periodic superposition of droplets and reduction of the breakup length. It was found that the atomization of the simplex swirl injector only responds to the pressure fluctuation in frequency range approximately from 0 to 300 Hz, and it is particularly sensitive to pressure fluctuations at frequencies from 100 to 200 Hz. According to this experiment, the responsive frequency limitation is merely affected by injector configuration, rather than the supply line.     

湾流G650飞机试飞事故研究

依据湾流G650试飞事故调查报告,以试飞工程师的角度从管理、技术两方面对事故进行细节解读和分析。首先梳理关键事件的主要原因和逻辑关系,分析事故链演化过程,将事故原因归纳为管理和技术两类。针对湾流项目管理层面的问题,从流程管理、计划管理和风险管理三方面进行剖析。基于地效模型和测试数据,深层分析了失速告警迎角值设置过高的原因,从起飞速度试飞程序出发,揭示目标起飞安全速度过小的原因。最后总结事故经验,对试飞安全提出建议。     

船尾形状对旋成体马格努斯效应的影响

尖头旋成体和船尾形状是子弹、炮弹及火箭弹等抛射体上常用的布局形式。研究表明船尾布局具有减小底部阻力、增大射程的作用,但此时旋成体的马格努斯效应增大,对运动稳定性产生不利影响。为了解释这种流动现象,对三维旋转弹流场进行了数值模拟,对从亚声速到超声速下的旋成体马格努斯力和力矩进行了分析,重点对标准形状和船尾形状两种底部进行了比较。结果表明,相对于标准形状,在所有来流下船尾形状都起到了增大马格努斯效应的作用,并且马格努斯力和力矩与船尾角成正比。为了揭示其流动机理,选择代表性计算状态对两种布局马格努斯力矩系数分布、边界层厚度分布和边界层位移厚度分布进行了对比分析,结果表明,在亚跨声速下船尾马格努斯效应由绕拐角的加速流动引起,使当地压力系数幅值增大;在超声速下船尾马格努斯效应由船尾段的气流膨胀引起,使旋成体左右两侧的边界层位移厚度畸变增大。上述两种效应都使马格努斯力矩增加,对于亚声速流动来说,该效应发生在柱段与船尾段连接位置;对于超声速流动来说,该效应发生在连接点以后的船尾段上。当来流速度在声速点附近时,上述两种效应都可能发挥作用,使船尾形状的旋成体马格努斯效应大幅增加。