雷达海杂波时频谱特性分析

针对海杂波背景下目标检测问题的实际需求,整理分析了STFT、WVD、PWVD和SPWVD 4种常见时频分析方法及其优缺点,并基于实测数据对海杂波的时频处理结果进行了对比分析。分别对纯海杂波单元和目标单元实测数据进行处理,将利用4种时频分析方法得到的结果进行对比、分析和总结。对4种方法在时频分辨率、目标能量积累程度、对海杂波抑制能力和平滑程度上各自特点进行分析,并总结得到相应的结论。     

星载运动附件扰动抑制方法研究

为改善高分七号卫星（GF-7）在附件（特别是双轴定向天线）运动时的姿态稳定度,研究了星载附件指向运动平滑及其扰动抑制方法。首先,针对卫星姿态扰动主要来源于对地数传天线对地面通信目标的快速捕获运动的情况,通过引入具有角速度全局光滑性的路径平滑技术对天线的目标捕获过程进行规划;其次,针对含有双轴运动天线的整星姿态运动,建立了适用于任意星体运动速度下的一般动力学方程,并进行了对比验证。进而根据规划后的天线运动引起的扰动力矩对姿态控制系统引入前馈补偿,从而抑制天线运动对整星姿态的扰动影响。基于提出的扰动抑制方法进行数值仿真,结果表明,运动平滑与力矩补偿结合的协同控制技术可将天线扰动削减90%以上。     

基于先验知识及其定量评估的自适应杂波抑制研究

 为了改善训练样本数受限的非均匀杂波环境中的系统检测性能,研究了基于先验知识及其定量评估的自适应杂波抑制算法。提出了使用经真实杂波信息白化后的先验杂波协方差矩阵与单位矩阵之差的谱范数,来定量评估杂波先验知识的准确程度,并给出了真实杂波协方差矩阵未知时的矩阵谱范数估计方法。结合先验知识定量评估结果,获得了具有先验知识约束时的杂波协方差矩阵最大似然估计方法。分别基于多脉冲相参雷达以及空时自适应雷达进行了杂波建模,在此基础之上分析了算法性能。仿真结果证实了该算法优于使用样本协方差矩阵及先验杂波信息形成杂波抑制权值的性能。     

基于PHD未知杂波密度多机动目标跟踪

基于随机有限集（RFS）的跳变马尔可夫系统（JMS）是多机动目标跟踪的有效方法。但现有的方法假设杂波密度是先验已知的,而实际中杂波密度是未知且可能随着环境的改变而变化。针对这一问题,提出了一种适用于线性高斯模型的未知杂波密度下多机动目标跟踪算法。该算法以未知杂波密度高斯混合概率假设密度（λ-GMPHD）滤波为基础建模杂波和真实目标,采用线性高斯JMS模型描述目标机动,推导了未知杂波密度下多机动目标跟踪的GMPHD迭代解析表达式。仿真结果表明,所提算法可实现对于杂波密度以及目标数和目标状态的准确估计。      

缓解航天器带电方法的研究

空间等离子体和航天器表面的相互作用常会导致航天器带电,造成危害。近年来,有人提出或试验了一些缓解的办法。文章对现有的缓解方法进行评论,讨论每一种方法的优缺点,并举SCATHA和DSCS卫星的例子对取得的结果加以说明。     

Analysis of the orbit lifetime of CubeSats in low Earth orbits including periodic variation in drag due to attitude motion

It is estimated that more than 22,300 human-made objects are in orbit around the Earth, with a total mass above 8,400,000 kg. Around 89% of these objects are non-operational and without control, which makes them to be considered orbital debris. These numbers consider only objects with dimensions larger than 10 cm. Besides those numbers, there are also about 2000 operational satellites in orbit nowadays. The space debris represents a hazard to operational satellites and to the space operations. A major concern is that this number is growing, due to new launches and particles generated by collisions. Another important point is that the development of CubeSats has increased exponentially in the last years, increasing the number of objects in space, mainly in the Low Earth Orbits (LEO). Due to the short operational time, CubeSats boost the debris population. One of the requirements for space debris mitigation in LEO is the limitation of the orbital lifetime of the satellites, which needs to be lower than 25 years. However, there are space debris with longer estimated decay time. In LEÓs, the influence of the atmospheric drag is the main orbital perturbation, and is used in maneuvers to increment the losses in the satellite orbital energy, to locate satellites in constellations and to accelerate the decay.The goal of the present research is to study the influence of aerodynamic rotational maneuver in the CubeSat?s orbital lifetime. The rotational axis is orthogonal to the orbital plane of the CubeSat, which generates variations in the ballistic coefficient along the trajectory. The maneuver is proposed to accelerate the decay and to mitigate orbital debris generated by non-operational CubeSats. The panel method is selected to determine the drag coefficient as a function of the flow incident angle and the spinning rate. The pressure distribution is integrated from the satellite faces at hypersonic rarefied flow to calculate the drag coefficient. The mathematical model considers the gravitational potential of the Earth and the deceleration due to drag. To analyze the effects of the rotation during the decay, multiple trajectories were propagated, comparing the results obtained assuming a constant drag coefficient with trajectories where the drag coefficient changes periodically. The initial perigees selected were lower than 400 km of altitude with eccentricities ranging from 0.00 to 0.02. Six values for the angular velocity were applied in the maneuver. The technique of rotating the spacecraft is an interesting solution to increase the orbit decay of a CubeSat without implementing additional de-orbit devices. Significant changes in the decay time are presented due to the increase of the mean drag coefficient calculated by the panel method, when the maneuver is applied, reducing the orbital lifetime, however the results are independent of the angular velocity of the satellite.     

海杂波中广义符号恒虚警检测算法性能分析

分析了广义符号检测算法在仿真的高斯杂波背景和实测海杂波背景下,对2种目标（Sweding0型和Swerling II型）的检测性能,以及对实际渔船目标的检测性能。研究表明,随着脉冲数、参考单元数和信杂比的提高,该检测算法的检测性能有所提高;在低信杂比条件下,GS检测算法对SwedingII型目标的检测性能优于对Sweding0型目标的检测性能,在高信杂比的条件下,对Swerling 0型目标的检测性能优于对Swerling II型目标的检测性能。     

基于多反馈延迟技术的雷达杂波模拟器实现

提出采用多反馈延迟的改进卷积处理技术实现雷达杂波模拟,克服了单反馈延迟输出杂波数据周期重复的缺点,使杂波数据在整个I周期内不重复,带来的好处是杂波逼真度高.采用大容量动态存储技术实现数据存储电路的设计,优点是方便快捷地为卷积器提供数据.     

海杂波特性研究

从雷达距离性能的角度出发，研究了海杂波的一些重要特性，特别是海杂波的反射率及其与雷达波长和入射余角的关系。还讨论了极化对雷达距离性能的影响、海杂波概率分布、海杂波谱等。最后给出了海面反射率的典型结果。     

模糊C均值算法在机载PD雷达杂波跟踪中的应用

介绍一种适用于机载PD雷达的杂波跟踪技术，结合机载PD雷达杂波分布特征和模糊C均值算法的特点，将模糊C均值算法用于杂波跟踪，给出了相应的算法流程，并提出了一种确定初始模糊隶属度的方法，经仿真数据验证，取得了满意的结果。