数控加工中复杂轮廓环的等距干涉处理

复杂轮廓环的等距算法是ＣＡＤ／ＣＡＭ系统中重要的基本算法之一,该算法的完善与否决定着ＣＡＤ／ＣＡＭ系统的基本性能,许多研究人员针对这个问题提出了一若干有益的解决方案,但这睦算法的结果并不是特别理想,本文针对数控加工中复杂轮廓环的等距问题,提出了一种有效的环原始等距,原始等距后的环的自交处理算法,其基本思想是对复杂累廓环经原始等距的过渡后形成的复杂网状环进行拓扑关系的规整和判断,从而生成正确的等距结     

射流孔交错偏置排布下的楔形凹表面对流换热数值研究

通过三维数值模拟的方法研究了射流孔交错偏置排布下的楔形凹表面对流换热,在射流孔偏置间距比（L/d）为0~2.5、射流孔距凹腔前缘间距比（H/d）为6~12、射流冲击雷诺数（Re）为10000~28000的研究参数下,研究结果表明射流孔交错偏置排布在凹腔中诱导复杂的涡流,对应于射流冲击驻点区的局部表面传热系数得到增强;相对于直线排布的射流孔,小射流孔交错偏距比能够使得凹腔前缘附近沿弦向的展向平均努塞尔数相对射流孔直线排布方式有所改善,随着射流孔交错偏距比增加,沿弦向的展向平均努塞尔数最大值所对应的弦向位置逐渐向凹腔前缘下游迁移.为了在保持凹腔前缘对流换热能力不受到显著削弱的前提下,改善凹腔前缘附近的射流冲击对流换热能力,射流孔交错偏距比宜选择在1倍射流孔直径左右.      

GPS接收机天线相位中心变化对基线解的影响

GPS接收机天线相位中心变化与卫星信号的入射方向有关，因此相位中心变化对基线解的影响还与参加解算的卫星个数及卫星的几何分布有关。在考虑卫星几何分布情况下，首先研究了相位中心变化对单个点位坐标的影响，然后推导了相位中心变化引起的基线矢量的偏差计算公式。此计算公式综合考虑了各种引起天线相位中心变化的因素，如天线的类型、天线的安置误差、卫星的几何分布、卫星个数等。最后，给出了具体算例，并给出了减弱这种影响的方法。     

论GPS与相对论时空观

在ＧＰＳ中，观测者对时钟所显时间值和物理事件所发光信号传播过程所作全面描述应包括“看到的情况”和“实际的情况”；作为具有特定物质性、运动性、结构性和开放性的动力学系统，时种所显时间值与其内部特定物质性、运动性和结构性等内因有关，与其所受引力和电磁力等外因有关；根据速度值定义，除特别约定，具体光子相对具体参照物的具体速度值应由观测者使用具体时种和量尺观测而定。以上述时空新认识弥补了相对论时空观有关观点的认识不足。     

前向偏移导引律及其实现方案研究

红外寻制导的导弹只能探测跟踪目标（飞机）的热辐射中心，即发动机尾喷流中心。为了提高作战效能，必须使命中点前移至目标要害部位。为此，本文导出了空间飞行实现前向偏移的相对运动方程和导引律，并提出了简化方案，探讨了控制系统实现的方法。     

佘山VLBI站本振系统的性能评定

氢钟是甚长基线干涉仪(VLBI)中的一个关键系统。主要介绍与国际VLBI联测而建立的高质量频率标准的性能及氢钟的联接与技术要求。     

Performance improvement of real-time PPP ambiguity resolution using a regional integer clock

Obtaining reliable GNSS uncalibrated phase delay (UPD) or integer clock products is the key to achieving ambiguity-fixed solutions for real-time (RT) precise point positioning (PPP) users. However, due to the influence of RT orbit errors, the quality of UPD/integer clock products estimated with a globally distributed GNSS network is difficult to ensure, thereby affecting the ambiguity resolution (AR) performance of RT-PPP. In this contribution, by fully utilising the consistency of orbital errors in regional GNSS network coverage areas, a method is proposed for estimating regional integer clock products to compensate for RT orbit errors. Based on Centre National d’Études Spatiales (CNES) RT precise products, the regional GPS/BDS integer clock was estimated with a CORS network in the west of China. Results showed that the difference between the estimated regional and CNES global integer clock/bias products was generally less than 5 cm for GPS, whereas clock differences of greater than 10 cm were observed for BDS due to the large RT orbit error. Compared with PPP using global integer clock/bias products, the AR performance of PPP using the regional integer clock was obviously improved for four rover stations. For single GPS, the horizontal and vertical accuracies of ambiguity-fixed PPP solutions were improved by 56.2% and 45.3% on average, respectively, whereas improvements of 67.5% and 50.5% in the horizontal and vertical directions, respectively, were observed for the combined GPS/BDS situation. Based on a regional integer clock, the RMS error of a kinematic ambiguity-fixed PPP solution in the horizontal direction could reach 0.5 cm. In terms of initialisation time, the average time to first fix (TTFF) in combined GPS/BDS PPP was shortened from 18.2 min to 12.7 min. In view of the high AR performance realised with the use of regional integer clocks, this method can be applied to scenarios that require high positioning accuracy, such as deformation monitoring.     

一种大频偏抗边带错锁的数字锁相环设计

在小卫星遥测系统中,地面站接收信号伴随着大多普勒频偏,副载波会落入主载波的多普勒频偏的范围之内,数字锁相环对主载波的跟踪必须避免边带错锁。提出一种新的数字锁相环结构,通过频谱分析辅助,初始频差和环路带宽被减小,副载波不会落入环路带宽之内;在环路中采用cic低通滤波下抽样滤除副载波分量,副载波对锁相环的影响得以消除。仿真结果表明,该锁相环在大频偏情况下能够很好地消除边带错锁。在实际的地面站遥测接收机中,该锁相环也能够很好地工作。     

Switching and performance variations of on-orbit BDS satellite clocks

The information of the satellite clock switching and performance variations on-orbit of Chinese BeiDou-2 Navigation System (BDS) is not available for the public. In order to detect the BDS satellite clock switching and performances variation, we analyzed the precise clock offset products with a total duration of 5?years every BDS satellite equipped four atomic clocks from four different manufactures from January 2013 to October 2017. Three important contributions are concluded as follows. (1) It is found that the average time of on-orbit operation for BDS satellite clocks is about 1–2?years. There have been 22 times of clock switching for BDS satellites, of which the C05 and C08 satellites have been switched to the fourth (last) atomic clock. (2) There are frequent phase adjustments for BDS on-orbit satellite clocks, and the frequency series is relatively stable. Furthermore, there are semi-annual sinusoid cycles in the frequency drift series of C06 and C09 satellites. (3) The performances of MEO satellite clocks perform better than the IGSO and GEO satellite clocks. The average ten-thousand frequency stability of BDS satellite clocks is about 1E-13, which is worse than that of GPS and Galileo but better than that of GLONASS.     

数字电视大范围载波频偏快速捕获算法

根据中国数字电视地面传输标准帧结构特点,提出了一种大范围频率偏差捕获方法.该算法利用PN(Pseudo Noise)序列移位相加后仍为PN序列这一特征,通过帧头PN序列与本地PN序列的差分互相关得到待求的频偏值,然后利用BLUE(Best Linear Unbiased Estimator)方法,在不损失频偏精度的前提下扩大频偏估计范围.该算法能在帧同步前快速捕获大范围频偏,为可靠实现帧同步以及频偏跟踪过程提供了必要条件.仿真结果表明,相对于传统的差分互相关算法,该算法能在一个帧头时间内快速锁定频偏,频偏估计范围扩大了H倍且频偏精度不变.