内冷通道带肋和出流孔壁面的换热研究

采用热色液晶瞬态测量技术对带有肋和单排出流孔的内流通道进行了换热实验研究.实验在主流雷诺数Re为20000～80000和出流比Br为0.30～0.60情况下,测量了通道内全表面换热系数分布,重点分析了主流雷诺数和出流比对换热的影响.实验结果显示:①出流孔附近区域的换热得到强化;肋前的换热系数大于肋后的换热系数;②出流比和雷诺数的改变对全表面的换热分布规律影响不大;③在本实验的参数范围下,出流比的增加对全表面的换热系数和换热增强程度基本没什么影响;雷诺数的增加使得全表面的换热系数增大,换热增强程度减弱.      

大飞机乘员舱热载荷的工程估算方法

大飞机乘员舱热载荷是指当维持大飞机乘员舱内温度、湿度恒定时,单位时间内传入(或传出)的净热量,它是确定大飞机温度调节系统能力的依据.在查阅国外25种大飞机环境控制系统相关文献的基础上,提出了大飞机乘员舱热载荷的两种工程估算方法为:大飞机乘员舱热载荷与乘员数之间良好的线性关系,在确定乘员舱人数的前提下,采用工程估算模型1可以估算出乘员舱热载荷;大飞机乘员舱全舱结构壁传热系数为2.45~7.97W/(m²·℃),平均值为4.93 W/(m²·℃).在环控系统初步设计时,如有乘员舱外形和构想,采用工程估算模型2也可简便地估算出乘员舱热载荷.研究成果为大飞机的研制提供一定的理论指导.     

“资源三号”卫星正视影像区域网平差

目前卫星影像的区域网平差技术已经有了初步的发展,但大多数研究都基于国际高分辨率卫星影像,针对大区域范围内的中国卫星影像的快速平差还鲜有提及。文章以“资源三号”卫星正视影像为数据源,配合高分辨率的控制点影像和数字高程模型（DEM）数据,基于RPC（rational polynomial coefficients）模型参数精确解算和一种新的控制点选取策略对大区域范围内仅使用少量控制点的区域网平差进行了研究与试验。在试验过程中,文章采用地形坡度统计的方法来快速获取多景影像中控制点的优先选取区域,缩小控制点选取范围。除此之外,文章还通过添加选取相对较为容易的连接点替代部分控制点来保证影像平差精度。结果表明：采用文中方法能大量减少控制点选取难度并有效提高中国遥感影像的几何定位精度,真正实现数字正射影像（DOM）产品的快速生产。     

超声速自引射装置的工作过程研究

应用湍流κ-ε双方程模型,分析了液体火箭发动机自引射工作过程所用的超声速自引射装置(简称引射器,包括圆柱型和二次喉道型引射器)在相同二次流入口面积时的流场分布,依据流场分析值确定了激波在引射器内的位置,结果表明喷管内的气流达到满流状态,并根据有关参数计算了引射系数.对比引射器真空舱内压力仿真值和试车测量值,两者基本一致.      

基于对称Holder系数的雷达辐射源信号特征分析

文章基于Holder系数,提出了一种改进的雷达辐射源信号脉内特征提取方法,称之为对称Holder系数法。给出了对称Holder系数的定义,描述了基于对称Holder系数的特征提取算法。可以看出对称Holder系数法包含了相像系数法,后者只是前者的一种特例,且该方法相对于Holder系数法,其复杂度将减少一半。文中选择了6种典型的雷达辐射源信号进行特征提取和分类识别实验。实验结果表明,对称Holder系数在取不同类型时均获得了很好的正确识别率,并且当对称Holder系数所选取的类型不为相像系数时,可以获得更高正确识别率。     

A study of backscattered spectra dynamics of agricultural crops during growth period on the territory of the Krasnoyarskii Krai (Russia)

The work presents the results of the study aimed at determining the seasonal dynamics of the spectral brightness and reflectance of agricultural crops (wheat, barley and oats) in the Krasnoyarskii Krai (Russia). The analysis of spectral curves obtained through field ground measurements and from satellite data showed that fine spectral differences can be used to study the spatial distribution of various types of vegetation and their ecological state. Based on the created electronic spectral brightness data base, the possibilities are shown of using spectrophotometric information for determining morphophysiological changes occurring in the plants and their species composition. The determined contrasts can be effectively used to obtain necessary information while processing space images, which suffer from natural interferences (varying optical thickness of the atmosphere, cloudiness, alterations in the scanner’s angle of view, varying solar height, and highly inhomogeneous underlying surface).     

Lunar gravity field modeling critical analysis and challenges

This paper summarizes and provides a critical analysis of the historical developments of lunar gravitational models from the earliest use of ground based tracking systems of the Lunar Orbiter to the Lunar Prospector mission. This encompasses a comprehensive and critical analysis of the various methods used in the estimation of the gravity coefficients and the processing of large batches of diverse measurements and data types. It has been shown that weakness exists in the current models of the lunar gravity field, which is primarily due to the lack of far side lunar tracking data information, which makes the lunar potential modeling difficult but expected to be overcome as data from SELENE satellite-to-satellite tracking becomes available. Comparisons of various lunar models reveal an agreement in the low order coefficients of the spherical harmonics. However, substantial differences in the models exist in the higher-order harmonics. A numerical comparison has been presented showing the performance of all the contemporary lunar gravitational models used within the astrodynamics community and available in public domain. Improvements to the current models are part of a continuing process and the recent model improvements and future possibilities in lunar gravity modeling are discussed. A brief review of the recent missions has been presented. It is hoped that this critical review will benefit the researchers by presenting the historical as well as state of the art in this field.     

苏通长江大桥主梁断面三分力系数的雷诺数效应

以苏通长江大桥为研究背景,研发了一套测压装置,通过测压法对苏通长江大桥施工状态主梁断面三分力系数进行了现场实测研究,并把现场实测所得结果与风洞试验结果进行了对比,研究了雷诺数对三分力系数的影响。结果表明：雷诺数对阻力系数影响较大,现场实测值比风洞试验所得值小约15％,对升力系数及力矩系数影响较小。因此,针对特大桥梁,在利用风洞实验获取三分力系数时应尽量使雷诺数接近实际情况,否则结果可能偏于保守。     

高超声速再入飞行器气动特性的快速预示—局部方法的推广应用

本文将计算高超声速稀薄气流过渡领域中气动特性的局部方法,推广应用到连续介质中弹头型高超声速再入飞行器气动力特性的快速估算。由激波风洞中M_∞=9.9时,一个8°钝锥的气动力测量结果,导出这一实验条件下的领域系数,并以此来估算不同锥角、不同钝度比及不同外形弹头型再入飞行器的气动力和力矩系数,其结果与无粘数值解及实验结果作了比较,在攻角2°～14°范围内吻合得很好。局部方法可用于弹头型高超声速再入飞行器气动特性的快速预示。     

Slip boundary conditions for rough surfaces

The velocity slip and temperature jump for a two-dimensional rough plate under hypersonic conditions were analyzed using the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method. Surface roughness was explicitly modeled by introducing various structures on the flat plate. The influences of relative roughness height, which involves the roughness height, roughness spacing, incoming velocity, and the degree of rarefaction, were analyzed and discussed. It is found that with the increase of the relative roughness height, the jump temperature increases, while the slip velocity decreases gradually. The effects of surface roughness on the slip coefficients can be attributed to the change of accommodation coefficients. A new slip model for rough surfaces was established in this paper, which accounts for the coupling effects of gas rarefaction and surface roughness, without the effort to model the surface roughness explicitly. The nitrogen flows in the microchannel, and flows over a blunt cone and an axisymmetric bi-conic body, were simulated under the modified and conventional slip boundary conditions, respectively. The numerical solutions were validated with experimental data. It can be safely concluded that compared with the traditional first-order slip boundary conditions, the modified slip model improves the accuracy of macroscopic properties, especially the heat transfer coefficient.