民航机务维修工时管理现状的思考及建议

维修工时管理是民航运营人与维修单位实现维修安全与可持续发展的重要管理手段。受制于民航维修及其从业人员的复杂性,目前的维修工时管理政策法规还停留在简单限制工作时间与值勤期的规范性管理阶段,大部分维修单位仅实现形式适航,未充分发掘维修工时管理的重要作用。本文分析了当前维修工时管理的监管及实施层面存在的问题,并提出相关建议。     

民用航空发动机核心机技术发展研究

民用发动机的发展历史显示,在先进核心机基础上发展系列发动机是民用发动机发展最突出的一个技术特点。本文分析和总结了在核心机基础上进行系列发动机发展的主要技术方法和特点,阐述了现代高性能发动机的技术特点和关键技术。根据民机发动机发展规律和我国国情,提出了我国民用发动机发展的几点建议。     

材料原子氧掏蚀效应中的相似律研究

文章对有防护涂层材料的原子氧掏蚀效应蒙特卡罗模型进行了分析,发现该模型中蕴含着几何相似律,并基于相似律提出了可用于表示掏蚀历程的特征量。数值模拟研究验证了相似律的正确性。     

Development cost prediction of general aviation aircraft projects with parametric modeling

The study of the development cost of general aviation aircraft is limited by small samples with many cost-driven factors. This paper investigates a parametric modeling method for prediction of the development cost of general aviation aircraft. The proposed technique depends on some principal components, acquired by utilizing P value analysis and gray correlation analysis. According to these principal components, the corresponding linear regression and BP neural network models are established respectively. The feasibility and accuracy of the P value analysis are verified by comparing results of model fitting and prediction. A sensitivity analysis related to model precision and suitability is discussed in detail. Results obtained in this study show that the proposed method not only has a certain degree of versatility, but also provides a preliminary prediction of the development cost of general aviation aircraft.     

Compensation of base disturbance using optimal trajectory planning of dual-manipulators in a space robot

This paper presents a trajectory planning algorithm for a space robot with dual-manipulators. Here one manipulator of the space robot captures a target, and another manipulator is free. In this case, this study uses one manipulator as the mission manipulator to capture the target, and another as the balance manipulator aiming at the compensation of the pose disturbance. For this method, a novel trajectory planning algorithm applied to the balance manipulator is presented. The trajectory planning problem is transformed into series of problems of the optimal state solution, and then the iterative algorithms for the trajectory planning are designed. In the iterative algorithms, the bias force on the spacecraft base caused by the balance manipulator is used as the compensation force. Then, to calculate the expected compensation force and torque, a pose control law for the spacecraft base is introduced. The expected compensation force and torque provide equality constraints for optimization problems, which implies that the trajectory planning algorithm compensates for not only the disturbance generated by the manipulator’s motion, but also environmental disturbances. This is because the expected compensation force and torque depend on the pose change of the spacecraft base rather than the type of the disturbance. Numerical simulation was carried out to analyze the proposed trajectory planning method. It was observed that the method greatly reduces the disturbance of Manipulator A on the spacecraft base. These results validated the effectiveness of the proposed method for the trajectory planning to make the spacecraft base disturbance up to minimum.     

从酝酿到决策——民用飞机预发展阶段工作分析

对比军机和民机项目研制目标的差异，指出民机项目的最终目标是追求商业成功。通过对民机项目各阶段投入比例的对比，强调了预发展阶段有奠定项目基调、指明发展方向和降低研制风险的作用,明确了预发展阶段工作的两大任务是飞机定义和概念方案迭代、优化,并对预发展阶段的工作内容进行划分，将其分为市场分析与飞机定义、可行性研究及初步设计三部分内容，阐述了各部分的承接关系、内部工作流程与做法。指出市场分析与飞机定义部分的输出成果是以飞机定义文件呈现，并由飞机定义评审会确定；可行性研究部分的重点是方案的展开和迭代，其中市场验证是方案优选的重要参考依据；初步设计部分要持续关注市场验证与技术环境研究工作。最后总结了民用飞机预发展阶段工作的市场指向性、科学性和相关投入的必要性。     

动能拦截器运动伪装末制导律设计

针对动能拦截器末制导问题，基于运动伪装理论设计了末制导律和相应的脉冲宽度脉冲频率(PWPF)调节器。根据拦截器和目标在视线旋转坐标系下的相对运动关系建立了动力学模型。通过运动伪装特性得出的拦截条件推导出作用在视线法向上的制导指令表达式。在动能拦截器制导推力受限情况下，利用PWPF调节器调节制导指令。考虑系统的可控条件和拦截条件，对调节器参数进行了理论设计。运动伪装末制导律保证动能拦截器在制导过程起到伪装作用，具有较高的制导精度和较小的命中过载，同时经过参数设计后的PWPF调节器可以节省燃料。最后，通过数值仿真校验了所设计末制导律的正确性和有效性。     

Fixed-time adaptive model reference sliding mode control for an air-to-ground missile

This paper addresses the fixed-time adaptive model reference sliding mode control for an air-to-ground missile associated with large speed ranges, mismatched disturbances and un-modeled dynamics. Firstly, a sliding mode surface is developed by the tracking error of the state equation and the model reference state equation with respect to the air-to-ground missile. More specifically,a novel fixed-time adaptive reaching law is presented. Subsequently, the mismatched disturbances and the un-modeled dynamics are treated as the model errors of the state equation. These model errors are estimated by means of a fixed-time disturbance observer, and they are also utilized to compensate the proposed controller. Therefore, the fixed-time controller is obtained by an adaptive reaching law and a fixed-time disturbance observer. Closed-loop stability of the proposed controller is established. Finally, simulation results including Monte Carlo simulations, nonlinear six-DegreeOf-Freedom(6-DOF) simulations and different ranges are presented to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed control scheme.     

Applications of Magnesium Alloys in Aerospace and Aviation

Magnesium alloys are well applied in aerospace and aviation because of their mass saving potential, good electromagnetic shielding performance, and high damping capacity. To further promote the applications, in this paper, the applications of magnesium alloys are reviewed, which could provide insights for researchers and application designers. Firstly, the applications in aerospace are reviewed, including missile, satellite, rocket, and spacecraft. Secondly, the applications and commercial magnesium alloys in aviation are summarized. Thirdly, the bottleneck and existing problems for such magnesium alloys applied in aerospace and aviation are discussed. The requirements for the magnesium alloy performance in aerospace and aviation are evaluated and elaborated.     

气相二氧化硅/汽油凝胶燃料流变特性实验研究

为了较为全面地了解凝胶燃料的流变特性,采用超声波振荡与机械搅拌相结合的方法制备了含铝与不含铝的气相二氧化硅/汽油凝胶燃料,使用旋转流变仪实验研究了各凝胶燃料的剪切变稀特性、触变性、屈服应力与粘弹性等流变参数。结果表明:气相二氧化硅/汽油凝胶燃料具有明显的剪切变稀特性和不可逆触变性。凝胶剂含量增加,凝胶燃料粘度和屈服应力增大。添加10μm粒径铝粉的粘度和屈服应力比5μm粒径铝粉的大,比1μm粒径铝粉的小,但均比不含铝凝胶燃料的大。凝胶燃料在低频振荡下更接近于流体,在高频振荡下具有类固体特征。 