热处理温度对硬铬镀层性能的影响

研究了热处理温度对硬铬镀层性能的影响.发现经过200～300℃1*#h热处理,镀层硬度明显提高,耐磨性得到改善,但硬度和耐磨性的最优点对应不同的热处理温度.对镀层XPS分析表明,热处理过的镀层中有有机碳化物析出.对镀层的EDAX分析表明,热处理使镀层表面氧含量增高,但对镀层微裂纹数量和宽度没有明显影响.对镀层的XRD实验结果表明,热处理后镀层的晶体结构未发生改变.     

航空发动机机匣摆线粗加工轨迹规划方法

针对机匣零件粗加工过程中凸台多、加工余量大、材料难切削、刀具磨损快、加工周期长等特点,提出了一种机匣摆线粗加工刀具轨迹规划方法,该方法能有效控制切削过程中刀具负载的变化,改善刀具切削过程中的加热-冷却循环,减缓刀具的磨损,提高机匣粗加工效率。首先,通过对两种摆线模型的分析,建立了摆线铣数学模型,并分析了摆线铣的优缺点;其次,结合机匣零件特点,将模型在精度范围内离散为点模型,利用圆锥将模型展开并建立展开模型与原始模型间的映射关系。通过对可加工区域的划分和平面逼近,生成了适用于机匣零件的摆线粗加工刀具轨迹。最后,分别通过摆线铣刀具磨损实验、平面型腔摆线铣实验和机匣摆线铣实验,验证了摆线铣在降低刀具磨损、延长刀具寿命方面的有效性,以及本文轨迹生成算法在航空发动机机匣实际加工中的正确性和高效性。研究成果能有效缩短加工周期、降低加工成本,提升机匣零件的粗加工效率。     

不平衡激励作用下周向加肋机匣振动能量传递机理

为了研究周向加肋机匣对整机振动的抑制机理,采用有限元法建立了加肋机匣-支承-转子耦合结构,结合振动功率流法分析了在转子不平衡激励作用下周向加肋机匣中的振动能量传递机理。 结果表明:机匣周向加肋筋诱导出的能量涡流场能够分流和耗散掉部分由转子传递至机匣的振动能量;机匣周向加肋筋改变了振动能量的传递路径,减小了机匣与支板连接处振动能量的回流现象;振动能量传递到机匣周向加肋筋后发生传递波波形的转换,携带大部分振动能量的弯曲波转换为纵波并沿加肋筋周向传递,阻断振动能量沿轴向传递至整机其他部位。 研究结果可为航空发动机结构设计以及整机减振提供参考。      

径向磁气组合轴承系统的动态性能

为探究磁轴承失效时能否减轻转子跌落带来的损害,将人字槽径向动压气体轴承引入磁轴承转子系统,研究磁气组合轴承对系统动态性能的影响和动压气体轴承的支承特性。采用有限差分法和小扰动法求解气膜厚度方程和雷诺方程,研究动压气体轴承的静动态特性。对磁轴承电磁力进行了分析,采用磁轴承不完全微分PID（比例-积分-微分）控制策略,对系统进行了理论模态分析和试验模态分析,完成了系统高速旋转试验,测试了动压气体轴承在不同偏心率和转速下的承载力。结果表明,引入动压气体轴承可提高系统的动态性能,在磁轴承失效造成高速转子跌落瞬间,偏心率趋近于1,两个径向动压气体轴承能够产生较大承载力,减轻转子跌落造成的损害。      

引气对跨声轴流压气机性能的影响

以单级跨声轴流压气机NASA Stage35为研究对象,根据影响转子和静子通道流动的主要物理现象分别设计了多种引气方案.通过数值模拟比较分析引气与不引气状态下压气机的详细流场,结合实验测量结果,研究转子机匣端壁引气位置以及静子机匣端壁引气量对压气机性能及流场的影响.结果表明:转子机匣端壁引气能够有效控制间隙泄漏流的发展,减小叶尖损失,提升压气机性能.不同的引气槽结构和轴向位置对间隙流动的影响机理不相同;静子机匣端壁引气能够有效减小静子叶排损失,提升压气机效率.      

Flow Stability Model for Fan/Compressors with Annular Duct and Novel Casing Treatment

A three-dimensional compressible flow stability model is presented in this paper, which focuses on stall inception of multi-stage axial flow compressors with a finite large radius annular duct configuration for the first time. It is shown that under some assumptions, the stability equation can be obtained yielding from a group of homogeneous equations. The stability can be judged by the non-dimensional imaginary part of the resultant complex frequency eigenvalue. Further more, based on the analysis of the unsteady phenomenon caused by casing treatment, the function of casing treatment has been modeled by a wall impedance condition which is included in the stability model through the eigenvalues and the corresponding eigenfunctions of the system. Finally, some experimental investigation and two numerical evaluation cases are conducted to validate this model and emphasis is placed on numerically studying the sensitivity of the setup of different boundary conditions on the stall inception of axial flow fan/compressors. A novel casing treatment which consists of a backchamber and a perforated plate is suggested, and it is noted that the open area ratio of the casing treatment is less than 10%, and is far smaller than conventional casing treatment with open area ratio of over 50%, which could result in stall margin improvement without obvious efficiency loss of fan/compressors.     

加力燃油泵隔舌倒圆抑制分离的数值模拟

采用动态亚格子应力模型对加力燃油泵内非定常流场进行大涡模拟,探讨了原隔舌空蚀机理,并研究了不同倒圆半径下泵隔舌附近的瞬时流动规律及流量扬程特性.计算结果表明:小流量工况原隔舌处分离产生的强剪切涡会诱发空化,涡脱落形成的分离再附位置与空蚀破坏核心区域相符;小流量工况下,隔舌倒圆在扩散管内形成转向涡,消除了隔舌壁面分离绕流及附着剪切涡,4mm倒圆半径可以避免空化;设计流量范围内隔舌倒圆提高了泵出口扬程,流量越小扬程增幅越大,小流量工况时扬程增幅达3%.      

Twaron纤维的新型化学活化方法

以傅瑞德-克拉夫茨(Friedel-Crafts)反应为基础,活化处理Twaron纤维的惰性表面。对经过活化处理的Twaron纤维进行了单丝拔出(SFP)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、红外图谱(FTIR)、表面电子能谱(XPS),以及表面自由能等测试。测试结果显示,经过活化处理后,Twaron纤维表面因环氧基团的接枝而使表面自由能显著增加;纤维表面的结晶结构未发生显著改变,纤维的本体强度未降低;相对应的环氧树脂基复合材料的单丝拔出强度提高了约50%。     

Effect of Semi-solid Isothermal Heat Treatment on Microstructure of VW63Z Alloy

The effects of isothermal heat treatment on the semi-solid microstructure evolution of VW63Z (Mg-6Gd-3Y-0.4Zr, wt.%) alloy are studied. It shows that the microstructure of VW63Z alloy could transform from equiaxed crystal to semi-solid spherical crystal after isothermal heat treatment above 620 ºC. With the heating temperature elevating from 620 ºC to 635 ºC and the holding time prolonging from 10 min to 35 min, the liquid fraction increases gradually. The semi-solid microstructure evolution of VW63Z alloy can be divided into three stages, i.e., particle coarsening and spheroidization;particle necking, coalescence, and Ostwald ripening;and dynamic equilibrium. The semi-solid process window of VW63Z alloy ranges from 620 ºC to 635 ºC, where the best process parameters are holding at 635 ºC for 20 min?30 min. The solid fraction, the average particle size, and the shape factor are 41.1%?53.8%, 81.5 μm?83.2 μm, and 0.70?0.75, respectively. The maximum relative deviations of the solid fraction, the particle size, and the shape factor at different heights of the same billet are 44.6%, 17.4%, and 16.6%, respectively, which means that it should pay attention to the uniformity of edge and core of VW63Z alloy during isothermal heat treatment. The driving force of microstructure is supposed to be the reduction of solid-liquid interface free energy.