基于变精度遗传算法的翼型快速优化设计方法

低碳环保的电动飞机在要求较高升阻比的同时,需要尽量降低成本、缩短研制周期。但高精度的数值模拟时间代价很大,因此针对电动飞机翼型设计中初始翼型较难选取、优化速度较慢的问题,提出了一种基于变精度遗传算法的翼型多点快速优化方法。以常用的 Hicks-Henne 型函数为基础,改进了其对翼型后缘描述不精确的问题。在数值模拟阶段,介绍了一种快速气动参数计算软件XFOIL,并分析了该软件的适用性与局限。之后给出了使用XFOIL 与 Matlab 进行联合求解的方法,在无人干预的情况下完全实现了翼型设计与优化的自动化,提高了设计效率。在翼型优化阶段,为保持较高的精度和寻优效率,设计了翼型参数的实数编码方法。针对传统遗传优化算法了改进,设计了染色体变精度杂交方法以及动态惩罚方法。最后,给出了基于遗传算法的多点优化方案,以及翼型多目标快速优化一体化设计方案。仿真分成两部分进行,首先改进的 Hicks-Henne 型函数能够有效实现参数化翼型的后缘夹角改变。通过与 NSGA-II 方法的优化结果对比,本文的方法在一定迭代次数范围内获得的升阻比更高,失速特性更加缓和,特别是在综合提高翼型优化效率方面表现较好。仿真结果表明,该方法能够快速获得多种工况下具有较高升阻比的翼型,也可以作为进一步优化的初始翼型,能提高翼型优化效率。     

镍钛记忆合金增材制造技术研究进展及其在航空领域的应用前景

镍钛合金具有特异的形状记忆效应与超弹性、高阻尼性、良好的机械性能,是制造驱动器、阻尼器等的功能结构材料.由于镍钛合金的熔炼制备与机加工性能较差,目前应用的镍钛合金构件通常外形简单且尺寸较小,限制了其在航空等领域大型结构件中的应用.金属增材制造技术为形状复杂的大型镍钛合金构建的制造开辟了新途径.综述了镍钛合金的增材制造技术的现状,并举例说明其在航空制造领域中的应用.     

复合材料Ⅰ型结构热压罐零吸胶工艺树脂压力测试及硬模传压均匀性分析

针对977-2/IMS预浸料在热压罐零吸胶工艺下采用H型方式成型的Ⅰ型零件,分别采用标准固化制度及阶梯加压制度进行了树脂压力在线测试,基于测试结果,分析了树脂压力与罐压的等效性及硬模传压的均匀性,提出了实际零件硬模传压的测试制度参考.结果表明:单侧硬模传压区域的树脂压力在稳定后与罐压一致,验证了预浸料在热压罐零吸胶工艺下树脂压力与铺层压力的等效性;双侧硬模传压区域的树脂压力存在载荷平衡的过程,稳定后不同区域的树脂压力均匀并与罐压一致;与阶梯加压制度相比,标准固化制度下树脂压力在测试初期存在一定波动,稳定后两种工艺制度下的树脂压力一致,这为热分布差异相对较大零件的树脂压力测试提供了方法参考.     

直升机机身气动外形的低阻优化设计

直升机机身阻力是飞行阻力的主要来源之一,通过对机身外形的优化设计,能够实现直升机的高效低阻飞行.首先,把机身划分为头部、中段和尾梁三段,对其外形轮廓线进行CST参数化表示;其次,采用拉丁超立方法选取试验设计样本点,计算各样本点的阻力系数,构造Kriging代理模型,估计模型预测的精度;最后,选用序列二次规划算法对其进行优化,并对优化后的机身模型进行了风洞试验.通过计算分析可知:所建立的Kriing代理模型能够精确预测阻力系数值,优化后得到了机身的设计参数;机身阻力系数减小了15.3％,理论值与试验值吻合良好.     

Shape control of spacecraft formation using a virtual spring-damper mesh

This paper derives a distance-based formation control method to maintain the desired formation shape for spacecraft in a gravitational potential field. The method is an analogy of a vir-tual spring-damper mesh. Spacecraft are connected virtually by spring-damper pairs. Convergence analysis is performed using the energy method. Approximate expressions for the distance errors and control accelerations at steady state are derived by using algebraic graph representations and results of graph rigidity. Analytical results indicate that if the underlying graph of the mesh is rigid, the convergence to a static shape is assured, and higher formation control precision can be achieved by increasing the elastic coefficient without increasing the control accelerations. A numerical exam-ple of spacecraft formation in low Earth orbit confirms the theoretical analysis and shows that the desired formation shape can be well achieved using the presented method, whereas the orientation of the formation can be kept pointing to the center of the Earth by the gravity gradient. The method is decentralized, and uses only relative measurement information. Constructing a distributed virtual structure in space can be the general application area. The proposed method can serve as an active shape control law for the spacecraft formations using propellantless internal forces.     

ANALYTICAL APPROACH TO AERODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE HELICOPTER ROTOR WITH ANHEDRAL TIP SHAPE

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Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Cross-rolled Ti50Ni47Fe3 Shape Memory Alloy

The microstructures, the phase transformation characteristics, and the mechanical properties of the Ti50Ni47Fe3 alloy in as-forged and as-cross-rolled states were investigated. It is found that, after cross-rolling, the phase transformation temperature （Ms） of the alloy decreases drastically and the grains get refined. Moreover, its yield strength and fracture strength after cross-rolling hit 540 MPa and 687 MPa respectively, up by about 200 MPa over those in as-forged state.     

在片S参数测量系统校准技术研究CSCD

在片S参数测量系统在半导体行业裸芯片测量中得到了广泛的应用,但是国内在片S参数测量系统无法有效溯源的现状影响了高端裸芯片产品的研发进度。为了建立该类系统的校准能力,本文研制了微带形式的在片校准件、在片传递标准件和在片检验件三类标准样片,搭建了高准确度的在片S参数传递标准件定标系统,通过HFSS仿真方法使得在片S参数溯源至几何量基准,最终建立了在片S参数测量系统中传输参数的计量校准能力,为最终完成在片S参数测量系统校准奠定了技术基础。     

轮盘概念设计中拓扑和形状同时优化方法

为了减小人为选择参数对优化结果的影响,针对航空发动机轮盘概念设计阶段的结构优化问题,提出了拓扑和形状同时优化(STSO)法.该方法是在变密度(SIMP)法的基础上,通过分析优化目标和约束的灵敏度,用序列二次规划优化(SQP)法进行求解.接着,以板壳结构为例,对比分析了STSO法和分步优化法的结果,说明了拓扑和形状同时优化方法的优点.最后,将同时优化方法应用于轮盘结构概念设计,对比分析了使用拓扑和形状同时优化方法与单独拓扑优化方法进行轮盘结构优化的结果,探讨了不同振型对应的频率约束对优化结果的影响.结果表明,不同振型对应的频率约束下优化结果的结构形式呈现多样性;相较于单独拓扑优化方法,STSO法收敛速度较快、结果也更精确;但是由于形状优化变量取值范围选取不当,有可能会出现网格畸变过大,而导致STSO法所得的结果无效.      

6-DOF formation keeping control for an invariant three-craft triangular electromagnetic formation

Spacecraft relative motion with inter-craft electromagnetic force has distinct advantages, and its invariant shapes that are convenient for formation keeping ensure some potential significant applications. However, the electromagnetic actuators affect both the relative trajectory and attitude motion, complicating related researches on issues of invariant shape design and formation control. In this paper, the formation keeping problem for an invariant three-craft triangular electromagnetic formation is investigated on the basis of a 6-DOF full nonlinear dynamic model. Moreover, a combined control scheme consisting of feed-forward and feed-back control components is proposed to handle the high nonlinearity, strong coupling, model uncertainties and external disturbances. The feed-forward component is obtained through desired invariant shape design which is complicated by the coupling and superposition effects of any two distinct magnetic dipoles, and the feed-back component is developed with a combination of linear feed-back controller by the LQR method and active disturbance rejection by the extended state observer. Finally, the numerical simulation is presented to verify the feasibility and validity of the proposed 6-DOF combined control scheme.