Effect of nickel introduced by electroplating on pyrocarbon deposition of carbon-fiber preforms

In order to improve the deposition rate and microstructure of pyrocarbon, nickel was introduced by electroplating on carbon fibers and used as a catalyst during the deposition of pyrocarbon at 1000 C using methane as a precursor gas. The distribution of nickel catalyst and the microstructure of pyrocarbon were characterized by scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, energy dispersive spectroscopy（EDS）, X-ray diffraction（XRD）, and Raman micro-spectrometry. Results show that nano-sized nickel particles could be well distributed on carbon fibers and the pyrocarbon deposited catalytically had a smaller d002 value and a higher graphitization degree compared with that without catalyst. In addition, the deposition rate of pyrocarbon in each hour was measured.The deposition rate of pyrocarbon in the first hour was more than 10 times when carbon cloth substrates were doped with nickel catalysts as compared to the pure carbon cloths. The pyrocarbon gained by rapid deposition may include two parts, which are generation directly on the nickel catalyst and formation with the carbon nanofibers as crystal nucleus.     

除冰液对道面混凝土的影响及保护剂防护效果

通过冻融和化学侵蚀试验，研究了NW-056A机场道面除冰液对道面水混混凝土耐久性的影响以及在道面除冰液环境下两种新型混凝土保护剂的防护效果。结果表明：①混凝土在道面除冰液中冻融后表面无明显剥落现象，相对动弹模损失率比在水中小很多，道面除冰液延缓了混凝土的冻融破坏：②混凝土在道面除冰液常温浸泡下表面无剥蚀现象，但强度比在水中降低很多，因此存在化学腐蚀．且主要表现为对混凝土内部结构的缓慢损伤；（④两种新型混凝土保护剂均对预防混凝土的冻融破坏以及除冰液环境下的腐蚀破坏起到一定作用，涂刷混凝土保护剂是提高混凝土道面耐久性的有效方法。     

FINITE DIFFERENCE MODEL FOR SIMULATION OF DENSIFYING CARBON-CARBON COMPOSITES BY CHEMICAL VAPOR INFILTRATIONP ROCESSES

ＮｏｍｅｎｃｌａｔｕｒｅｓＡ０—ｃｏｅｆｉｃｉｅｎｔｏｆｔｈｅＡｒｈｅｎｉｕｓｅｑｕａｔｉｏｎＣ（ｎ）—ｈｙｄｒｏｃａｒｂｏｎｃｏｎｃｅｎｔｒａｔｉｏｎｉｎｕｎｉｔ（ｎ）（ｍｏｌ／ｃｍ３）Ｃ０—ｈｙｄｒｏｃａｒｂｏｎｃｏｎｃｅｎｔｒａｔｉｏｎａｔｅｘ...     

On initial steps of chemical prebiotic evolution: Triggering autocatalytic reaction of oligomerization

Searching for extraterrestrial life attracts more and more attention. However this searching hardly can be effective without sufficiently universal concept of life origin, which incidentally tackles a problem of origin of life on the Earth. A concept of initial stages of life origin is stated in the paper. The concept eliminates key difficulties in the problem of life origin, and allows experimental verification of it. According to the concept the predecessor of living beings has to be sufficiently simple to provide non-zero probability of self-assembling during short (in geological or cosmic scale) time. In addition the predecessor has to be capable of autocatalysis, and further complication (evolution). A possible scenario of initial stage of life origin, which can be realized both on other planets, and inside experimental facility is considered. In the scope of the scenario a theoretical model of multivariate oligomeric autocatalyst is presented. Results of computer simulation of two versions of oligomeric autocatalytic reactions are presented. It is shown that the contribution of monomer activation reaction is essential, and in some cases autocatalysis in polymerizing reaction can be achieved without catalyzing proper monomer binding reaction.     

Comets and Chemical Composition

It is commonly believed that comets are made of primordial material. As a consequence, they can reveal more information about the origin of our solar system. To interpret the coma composition measurements of comet Churyumov–Gerasimenko that will be collected by the Rosetta mission, models of the coma chemistry have to be constructed. However, programming the chemistry of a cometary coma is extremely complex due to the large number of species and reactions involved. Moreover, such a program needs to be very flexible as one may want to extend, change, or update the set of species, reactions, and reaction rates. Therefore, we developed software to manage a database of species and reactions and to generate code automatically to compute source/loss balances. This database includes the data from the UMIST database and the ion–molecule reactions collected by V.G. Anicich. To use all these databases together, a lot of practical problems need to be solved, but the result is an enormous source of information about chemical reactions that can be used in chemical models, not only for comets but also for other applications.     

用准稳态方法建立碳氢燃料点火燃烧的简化化学反应动力学模型

基于“准稳态”方法建立了一套碳氢燃料点火燃烧的化学反应动力学模型简化方法和相应的软件SPARCK,并从甲烷点火燃烧的GRI2.11详细基元反应动力学模型出发简化得出了包含16个组分12步总包反应形式的简化化学反应动力学模型,从庚烷点火燃烧的详细基元反应动力学模型出发简化得出了包含25个组分21步总包反应形式的简化化学反应动力学模型。通过其计算结果与CARM软件导出简化模型的计算结果和典型激波管试验结果的对比可以看出,本文简化得到的简化反应动力学模型能较为有效地再现详细基元反应模型的反应机理,简化模型的计算精度与CARM软件导出简化模型的计算精度相当。与详细基元反应动力学模型相比,简化模型有效地减少了反应组分,在工程计算中有比较好的应用前景。     

RDX－CMDB推进剂铅－铜－炭催化燃速模型

分析了ＲＤＸ在平台催化中的作用，认为ＲＤＸ对平台催化有正、负两方面的影响。据此提出了ＲＤＸ－ＣＭＤＢ推进剂平台催化燃速模型。导出的燃速公式能够定量地描述平台燃烧现象的各个阶段。在ＭＴＷ－１推进剂基础配方的应用表明，计算值与实测值之间的平均相对误差小于１０％。     

Deep Impact: A Large-Scale Active Experiment on a Cometary Nucleus

The Deep Impact mission will provide the first data on the interior of a cometary nucleus and a comparison of those data with data on the surface. Two spacecraft, an impactor and a flyby spacecraft, will arrive at comet 9P/Tempel 1 on 4 July 2005 to create and observe the formation and final properties of a large crater that is predicted to be approximately 30-m deep with the dimensions of a football stadium. The flyby and impactor instruments will yield images and near infrared spectra (1–5 μm) of the surface at unprecedented spatial resolutions both before and after the impact of a 350-kg spacecraft at 10.2 km/s. These data will provide unique information on the structure of the nucleus near the surface and its chemical composition. They will also used to interpret the evolutionary effects on remote sensing data and will indicate how those data can be used to better constrain conditions in the early solar system.     

高强耐热铸造铝硅合金的试验研究

 优化了一种高强耐热铸造铝硅合金的化学成分,确定了合理的热处理工艺,分析了该合金的强化、耐热机理。此合金具有优良的铸造性能,其机械性能：室温σｂ≥３００ＭＰａ,δ≥３％；２５０℃σｂ≥２００ＭＰａ、δ≥４％。可提供优质导弹舱体等铸件的生产。     

CVD SiC纤维的组分与强度

采用射频ＣＶＤ法制备出连续ＳｉＣ（Ｗ）纤维，利用ＸＰＳ分析手段研究了纤维的元素组成及形态与强度的关系，结果表明，纤维中的杂质特别是自由Ｓｉ的存在对纤维抗拉强度有很大影响。