公共设施投资的决策模型探讨

公共设施投资的成本与产生的社会福利如何比较，社会效益的提高有多大等等一系列基本问题为政府所关心。这一问题的解决需要通过结合公共经济学的原理与近几年出现的一些新观点做出系统的可行性分析模型加以解决。本文就是基于公共经济学的理论并结合了笔者的一些新的观点所作的常识性的探索。     

化学气相反应法在C/C复合材料抗氧化处理中的应用

通过把硅蒸气渗入预制体孔隙与碳直接反应生成SiC的化学气相反应(CVR)方法,提高初始密度和预制体结构均不同的C／C复合材料的抗氧化能力,研究了C／C复合材料的密度变化与微观结构,并对其进行了氧化试验。结果表明,因CVR温度、C／C复合材料初始密度不同,抗氧化处理后的密度增加量有显著不同。针刺炭布C／C／SiC复合材料在马福炉中于1160℃经65min氧化后,其失重率仅2．6％,而密度为1．95g／cm^3的同结构C／C复合材料相在同条件下失重率高达32％。     

Feasibility evaluation of failure models for predicting forming limit of metal foils

Forming limit of metal foil is an important index to evaluate its formability, and is of considerable significance to improve the quality of products. The ductile fracture (DF) behavior in microscale plastic deformation is remarkably affected by the geometry and grain size. To explore the size-dependent forming limit curve (FLC), the Holmberg and Marciniak tests of SUS304 foils with the thicknesses of less than 0.1 mm and diverse grain sizes were performed. In addition, the validity and feasibility of three types of existing failure models including Swift/Hill, Marciniak-Kuczynski (M-K) and DF criteria for predicting the micro-scaled FLCs were discussed. It is found that the Swift/Hill model possesses the worst accuracy with predicting deviation above 50%. Four classical DF criteria including Freudenthal, Ayada, Brozzo and Oh show great difference, and Oh model considering plastic anisotropy presents the best precision. The predicted deviation of M-K model is aggravated with increasing grain size and decreasing foil thickness, which is attributed to the intensified free surface roughening and transformation of fracture mechanism with miniaturization. This research thus provides a deeper understanding and valuable reference for the widespread application of FLC in microforming.     

小口径电热化学超高速发射实验研究

在小口径发射装置上进行了以液体发射药为化学工质的电热化学发射实验研究,采用不同的装药结构及装药量改进内弹道性能, 可使弹丸获得超高速。对电能释放与化学能释放过程的合理匹配表明, 等离子体能够增强液体药的燃烧并影响压力变化曲线。通过等离子体射流与液体药装填方式的控制, 如采用环状装药结构, 可以增进等离子体与发射药的相互作用, 提高内弹道性能     

C 波段全场效应晶体管化宽带微波接收机

介绍一个全场效应晶体管化 C 波段卫星转发器用微波接收机的方案,并给出微波通道部分的实验结果,其中采用元器件均以国内1986年生产,现空间仍在用的高可靠性器件为设计依据和实验样管。实验结果与法国汤姆逊公司1986年为我国研制生产的 C 波段接收机(以下简称法国接收机)相比,电气指标均能达到该公司产品水平,同时具有结构简单、体积小、低功耗等优点。该方案同样适于 Ku波段应用。     

GC－4高强度钢化学短裂纹特性研究

采用恒ΔＫ法对ＧＣ－４钢在３．５％ＮａＣｌ溶液中化学短裂纹特性进行了试验研究。结果表明：恒ΔＫ时裂纹扩展的ｄａ／ｄＮ－ａ曲线存在临界裂纹尺寸ａ。当ａ＜ａ时,显示化学短裂纹效应。ａ值几乎不受加载频率、应力比和ΔＫ水平的影响;化学短裂纹特征扩展速率与长裂纹扩展速率之比是各种力学参量的弱函数。依据分析给出化学短裂纹扩展速率与裂纹尺寸之间的关系。     

平均应变效应的循环粘塑性描述

提出了一个考虑具有平均应变循环变形行为的粘塑性本构模型,在该模型中,引入了可以计及平均应变效应的应变幅值记忆参数,构造了相应的背应力演化方程,定义了恰当的非比例度;还提出了对先前加载历史循环变形行为衰减记忆的各向同性变形阻力演化方程。模型用于１Ｃｒ１８Ｎｉ９Ｔｉ不锈钢的平均应变效应的本构描述,结果表明模型合理。     

Dayside ionospheric uplift during strong geomagnetic storms as detected by the CHAMP,SAC-C,TOPEX and Jason-1 satellites

Ionosphere response to severe geomagnetic storms that occurred in 2001–2003 was analyzed using data of global ionosphere maps (GIM), altimeter data from the Jason-1 and TOPEX satellites, and data of GPS receivers on-board CHAMP and SAC-C satellites. This allowed us to study in detail ionosphere redistribution due to geomagnetic storms, dayside ionospheric uplift and overall dayside TEC increase. It is shown that after the interplanetary magnetic field turns southward and intensifies, the crests of the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) travel poleward and the TEC value within the EIA area increases significantly (up to ∼50%). GPS data from the SAC-C satellite show that during the main phase of geomagnetic storms TEC values above the altitude of 715 km are 2–3 times higher than during undisturbed conditions. These effects of dayside ionospheric uplift occur owing to the “super-fountain effect” and last few hours while the enhanced interplanetary electric field impinged on the magnetopause.     

C/C-Cu复合材料的烧蚀形貌和烧蚀机理

以PAN预氧化纤维整体毡为增强体,经碳化、等温CVI致密化后制备多孔的C/C复合材料预制体,利用气体压力浸渗法将Cu引入C/C预制体中制备C/C-Cu复合材料。采用氢氧(H2-O2)焰考核C/C-Cu复合材料的烧蚀性能,经扫描电镜和电子能谱对不同烧蚀区域的微观结构和成分进行分析,结果表明:预制体密度为0.96 g/cm3的C/C-Cu复合材料的线烧蚀率和质量烧蚀率分别为4.75μm/s、0.223 mg/s,烧蚀性能优良;其烧蚀表面具有不同的宏观形貌,在烧蚀中心区产生了明显的凹坑,主要烧蚀机制为C/C预制体的氧化和铜基体的机械冲刷;烧蚀过渡区聚集了大量的铜基体,其烧蚀机制为Cu的热氧化和机械冲刷;烧蚀边缘区材料表面变黑,主要因为C/C的氧化。为了提高C/C-Cu的烧蚀性能,需要发挥C/C预制体的"钉扎"作用,阻止Cu在高温下被气流冲刷而发生流动。     

尺度效应下大功率伺服电机再生冷却通道超临界态甲烷传热特性研究

针对飞行器电动执行机构的大功率伺服电机强化散热问题,建立了不同尺度的电机缠绕式螺旋管再生冷却通道数值模型,对超临界态甲烷在尺度效应影响下的传热特性和机理进行研究,探讨了不同尺度冷却通道中超临界态甲烷所受重力浮升力和离心浮升力对传热性能的影响.结果表明,离心浮升力及重力浮升力均受到超临界态甲烷热物性剧烈变化的影响;在相同...