水下冲击波聚焦作用下空化效应的实验研究

冲击波聚焦在聚焦区域形成局部较高压力的同时还会在焦区产生空化效应。基于旋转椭球面反射罩及置于其焦点的水中脉冲放电声源建立了水下冲击波聚焦系统。通过压力传感器测量了反射罩轴向的压力历程曲线及峰值压力分布。同时,搭建了高速摄影所需的光学装置,拍摄了空化现象的高速摄影图片,对水下冲击波聚焦过程和空化汽泡的产生、发展及湮灭的整个过程进行了研究。对压力历程曲线和高速摄影所得结果进行对比分析得到空化现象产生的物理过程。实验结果表明：负压是空化现象发生的主要原因,空化汽泡的塌缩时间与汽泡半径存在线性关系,并且汽泡膨胀阶段持续的时间大于塌缩阶段持续的时间。     

高超声速飞行器界面多相催化数值研究进展

随着未来临近空间高超声速飞行器高速度、长航时新需求的提出,飞行器高温流动与热防护系统相互作用凸显,引发极端力学、热学条件下气固界面多相催化等高温界面效应。回顾了高超声速飞行器中界面多相催化理论建模和数值研究历程,重点综述了界面多相催化的给定速率系数模型、含微细观特征的唯象模型、基于微观理论模拟的跨尺度模型的研究进展。总结了作者团队在飞行器界面多相催化效应建模、机理和应用相关方面的研究结果。结合未来飞行器减重、增程、保形的设计需求,进一步提出了国内后续研究的重点方向,以期支撑热防护系统轻量化、低冗余设计。     

具有参数激励约简的扰动KdV方程的混沌行为

研究了具有参数激励约简的扰动KdV方程的混沌动力学行为.利用改进的Melnikov方法分析了由于同宿轨道的横截相交而产生的混沌行为.对周期外激励、周期线性参数激励和周期非线性参数激励下的扰动KdV方程的混沌行为进行了比较,发现划分混沌区与非混沌区的临界曲线是互不相同的.尤其是对非线性参数激励系统,存在"死频率".当这类系统受到该频率激励时,不论激励的振幅多大,混沌也不会发生.用时间积分法对上述系统进行了数值计算,结果与理论分析一致.     

PROGRESS IN HELIOSPHERIC PHYSICS

This is an overview of progresses in heliospheric physics made in China in the period of June, 2000 to May, 2002. The report is focused on theoretical studies,modelling and observational analysis of interplanetary physical phenomena, and consists of five sections: the acceleration and heating of the solar wind, corona structures, coronal mass ejections, magnetic reconnection phenomena, and in terplanetary transient phenomena. The main achievements made recently by Chinese scientists in related areas are simply listed in corresponding sections without any priority, only certain editorial consideration.     

A statistical analysis of low frequency geomagnetic field pulsations at two Antarctic geomagnetic observatories in the polar cap region

The aim of this study is to investigate the characteristics of low frequency (∼0.5–5 mHz) geomagnetic field fluctuations as recorded at two Antarctic stations within the polar cap: the Italian observatory Mario Zucchelli Station (TNB) and the French–Italian observatory Dome C (DMC) in order to investigate the spatial extension and propagation characteristics of the phenomena observed at very high latitude. The stations have approximately the same geographic latitude, but a very different corrected geomagnetic latitude, being DMC close to the geomagnetic pole and TNB closer to the auroral oval.     

浑沌动力系统的信息流理论

本文用各态历经理论对浑沌动力系统作了详细研究;揭示了浑沌系统中信息流的机理,提出了描述浑沌物理过程的一个新测度——平均信息量。     

直升机地面共振的非线性稳定性分析

 提出了计及起落架缓冲器和桨叶减摆器非线性阻尼时的直升机极限环的简化分析方法,讨论了由桨叶摆振运动的几何非线性和阻尼非线性引起的“混沌”（chaos）现象,以及初始扰动对不稳定响应的影响。试验结果与理论分析相一致。     

控制方向未知分数阶混沌系统的 Nussbaum增益同步 吴梅 1,程继红2,余名哲 4,张友安3

文章将 Nussbaum增益控制引入分数阶混沌系统,解决了分数阶混沌系统在存在控制方向未知情况下的同步控制问题。首先,选取了一类稳定的分数阶积分滑模面。然后,结合整数阶 Nussbaum增益控制方法与滑模变结构控制理论,设计了一种 Nussbaum增益同步控制器。最后,作为例子,实现了分数阶 Chen系统和分数阶 R.ssler系统在控制系数未知时的混沌同步控制,数值仿真验证了文中方法的正确性和有效性。     

基于简化机理的四冲程点燃式活塞发动机爆震燃烧数值模型

爆震问题是限制发动机性能发挥的关键问题之一,因此针对性地构建四冲程点燃式活塞发动机爆震燃烧模型探究爆震燃烧的机理具有十分重要的意义。基于四川大学提出的73.0%(质量分数) 正十二烷, 14.7%1,3,5-三甲基环己烷和12.3%正丙基苯组成的RP-3航空煤油的三组分替代模型,采用先简化后合并的思路,应用直接关系图法（DRG）、基于误差传递的直接关系图法（DRGEP）、奇异摄动法（CSP）等简化方法构建了包含127种物质、360步反应的RP-3航空煤油简化机理,通过与详细机理的滞燃期预测结果对比,发现初始温度900-1200K范围内,简化机理与详细机理的滞燃期预测结果误差在30%以内,验证了简化机理的有效性。在此基础上基于CONVERGE平台,采用G方程耦合化学反应动力学机理的方法构建了基于简化机理的四冲程点燃式活塞发动机的爆震燃烧数值计算模型并校核,最后基于模型模拟了发动机的爆震燃烧过程。结果表明：采用RP-3航空煤油简化机理耦合三维数值计算构建的爆震燃烧数值计算模型能够有效地模拟四冲程点燃式活塞发动机爆震燃烧过程末端混合气自燃现象,体现爆震燃烧过程中缸内平均参数的变化特征,描述缸内压力、温度及中间物质空间分布的演化情况。     

Statistical study of electrostatic solitary waves associated with reconnection: Geotail observations

The role of waves in the dynamics of the magnetotail has long been a topic of interest in magnetospheric physics. The characteristics of Electrostatic Solitary Waves (ESWs) associated with reconnection have been studied statistically in the magnetotail by surveying the large amounts data obtained from Waveform Capture (WFC) which is an important component of Plasma Wave Instrument (PWI) on the Geotail spacecraft. About 150 reconnection events with WFC data available are selected, and approximately 10 thousands of ESW waveforms are picked up by hands for statistical study. The ESWs are observed near diffusion region and near the plasma sheet boundary layer (PSBL). Two kinds of waveforms of ESWs are observed: bi-polar and tri-polar pulses. It is found that the pulse width of the ESWs is in the order of 1–5 ms and the peak-to-peak amplitude is in the order of 0.1–5 mV/m. The amplitudes of ESWs are larger in the near-earth tail region than that in deep tail region. ESWs have been observed with or without guide magnetic field 〈By〉. The characteristics of ESWs in different reconnection region and under different strength of guild magnetic field, their possible generation mechanism will be discussed.