转动薄壁圆柱筒振动特性:有限元法与解析解的对比

采用解析法和有限元法,研究了科氏力和离心刚化效应对不同约束条件下转动薄壁圆柱筒结构振动特性的影响,并进行了对比分析.结果表明,与解析解相比,有限元法计算得到的静止状态薄壁圆柱筒结构固有频率因边界条件不同而存在不同的差异,其中两端简支边界条件下与解析解吻合较好.随转速增加,前后行波频率差值加大,曲线明显分离,而这种分离趋势随周向波数的增大而减小.由于离心刚化效应的存在,相比于只考虑科氏力的影响,转动薄壁圆柱筒的行波频率有增大的趋势,并且当转速和周向波数较大时,前后行波频率均会大于对应的静频率.      

A novel approach for predicting inlet pressure of aircraft hydraulic pumps under transient conditions

Cavitation caused by insufficient suction is a major factor that influences the life of aircraft pumps. Currently, pressurizing the tank can solve the cavitation problem under steady large-flow conditions. However, this method is not always effective under transient conditions (from zero flow to full flow in a very short time). Moreover, to apply and design other measures, such as a boost impeller, the suction dynamics during the transient period must be investigated. In this paper, a novel approach based on the pressure wave propagation theory is proposed for predicting the inlet pressure of an aircraft pump under transient conditions. First, a dynamic model of a typical aircraft pump is established in the form of differential equations. Then, the transient flow model of the inlet line is described using momentum and continuity equations, and the governing equations are discretized by the method of characteristics and the finite difference method. The simulated results are in good agreement with the results from verification tests. Further simulation analysis indicates that the wave velocity and transient time may influence the inlet and reservoir pressure as well as the size of the inlet line. Finally, solutions for upgrading the inlet pressure are discussed. These solutions provide guidelines for designing inlet installations.     

弯曲通道模拟离心条件下的主燃级和预燃级联焰试验

冲压转子发动机是冲压发动机和燃气涡轮发动机的有机结合,其结构简单。冲压转子发动机燃烧室由于其内部受到强离心力场的作用,燃烧室火焰的稳定燃烧以及传播都会受其影响。为了得到离心力场对分级燃烧中两级联焰的影响规律,本文进行了试验研究工作。针对燃烧室在强离心条件下的燃烧特点,采用弯曲通道模拟气流的离心效应。在弯曲试验段上对预燃级和主燃级进行了联焰研究,试验在常温常压条件下进行,进口气流速度范围为10~70m/s。试验中考察了离心力、燃油分级比例以及主燃级燃油喷射初始角度对联焰的影响,试验结果初步验证了燃烧方案的可行性,为冲压转子发动机燃烧室的研究奠定了基础。     

提高花键加工精度的工艺研究

发动机中力及扭矩的传递全部通过渐开线花键副来实现,由于发动机工作转速高,因而要求渐开线花键副传动非常平稳。通过本工艺方法的探索,采用新的工艺加工方法,提高了涡轮泵叶轮、轴的花键加工精度,保证了涡轮泵装配性能的要求。     

Numerical investigation of flow mechanisms of tandem impeller inside a centrifugal compressor

This study numerically investigated a single stage centrifugal compressor ‘‘Radiver’’ with a wedge diffuser and several tandem-designed impellers to explore the flow phenomena within the tandem impeller and the potential to enhance compressor performance. The results demonstrate that tandem design and clocking fraction (λ_s) significantly affects the compressor performance. The compressor stage with tandem impellers of Series A of boundary layer growth interruption alone are observed to have a widely operating range but efficiency and total pressure ratio penalty compared with that of conventional impeller. The tandem impeller with at least the same impeller efficiency as the conventional design is considered as a critical design criteria so that further modification process based on the flow characteristic of tandem impeller is necessary. In order to restrain the inducer wake and exducer shock losses, parameters modification of blade angle and thickness distributions are necessary and the modified tandem impeller of Series B is obtained. The modified tandem impeller with 25% clocking arrangement shows an 8.45% stall margin increase and maintains the total pressure ratio and efficiency as the conventional design, which proves the potential of tandem impeller to improve compressor stage performance. It is noteworthy that the tandem impellers of Radiver have not shown obviously balanced exit flow field and the fundamental mechanism of stall margin extending of tandem impeller lies on the improved impeller/diffuser matching performance resulting from the incidence angle variation at diffuser inlet.     

脉动背压离心压气机动态特性及稳定性

试验研究了脉动背压对离心压气机动态响应及喘振特性的影响规律。结果表明:脉动背压条件时压气机性能存在明显非定常特征,高频大幅脉动背压和陡峭的压比流量特性均可强化该非定常特征。基于试验结果,提出了脉动背压压气机非定常性能与脉冲特性及运行工况的关联模型。脉动背压导致压气机喘振边界左移,稳定运行范围最高拓宽12.3%。压气机向小流量工况趋近时,脉动背压引起的流场振荡减弱,但喘振所致的流场振荡逐步强化,致使流场振荡强度呈V型变化特征,表明了脉动背压与压气机气动稳定性之间存在耦合关系。研究探明了脉动背压条件对压气机动态响应和喘振特性的影响规律,对帮助真实运行环境压气机设计理论的发展具有重要意义。      

离心叶轮背腔复杂流态及调控方法研究进展

因叶轮/扩压器转静间断,离心压气机级中必然存在引气腔并对级性能产生影响,中小型航空发动机/燃气轮机用半开式离心叶轮中背腔引气影响尤为突出。从简化及真实离心叶轮背腔流态研究、复杂流态调控方法、对级气动性能影响、叶轮/扩压器/背腔多维度耦合模拟方法等方面进行了综述,展示了背腔引气对风阻损失、轴向力平衡、油/气密封及冷却气输送等多方面重要影响,并对其可能的先进设计方法进行了分析与展望。     

改进的离心压气机滑移因子模型

建立一种基于Qiu模型的改进的离心压气机滑移因子模型。该模型在Qiu模型的基础上,增添二次流项来修正滑移因子,同时考虑了出口叶片角与最大叶片角的差值及相应位置。采用亚声速叶轮Krain4、跨声速叶轮Krain6和IET200叶轮对该改进模型进行CFD验证,并对模型二次流项中常系数c的取值进行讨论。结果表明:与Qiu模型及其他传统滑移因子模型相比,该改进模型的精度较高,平均相对误差在2%以下,适用于亚声速及跨声速离心压气机。      

叶顶间隙对人工心脏泵血液相容性影响的数值研究

采用定常和非定常数值方法系统研究了离心血泵在供压173 mmHg时,4组不同叶顶间隙下的血流动力学特性和血液相容性。所研究的间隙分别为5.0、2.0、1.0 mm和0.2 mm,对速度、湍动能等参数的分布规律以及标准溶血指数(normalized index of hemolysis,NIH)随叶顶间隙大小的变化规律进行了研究。结果表明:在流量3.0 L/min,供压173 mmHg工况下,原型血泵有较好的血液相容性;随着叶顶间隙的减小,最大切应力与标准溶血指数呈显著单峰变化趋势,在1.0 mm间隙结构取得最低标准溶血指数0.000 5 g/100 L,并降低了在叶轮侧壁与泵壳下壁面的狭缝内形成血栓的风险;定常与非定常的结果对比表明:定常结果往往会过小的预测溶血,瞬态标准溶血指数随叶轮转动呈周期性变化,其平均值与定常结果相差在5%以内。      

低雷诺数下离心压气机性能及流动影响的数值研究

对高空低雷诺数条件下低压离心压气机进行了全三维数值模拟,分析了雷诺数对其内部流场的影响.结果表明:随着雷诺数降低,离心压气机的效率、裕度和流通能力下降;影响叶片表面负荷分布,使得转子叶片的做功能力下降;叶片前缘分离区范围增大,二次流增强,分流叶片叶尖泄漏损失增大,主叶片吸力面通道的低速区明显增大,起始位置也向前移动,对展向的影响区域也随之增加.