Method for utilizing PIV to investigate high curvature and acceleration boundary layer flows around the compressor blade leading edge

Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) is a well-developed and contactless technique in experimental fluid mechanics, but the strong velocity gradient and streamline curvature near the wall substantially limits its accuracy improvement. This paper presents a data processing procedure combining conventional PIV and newly developed Mirror Interchange (MI) based Interface-PIV for the measurement of the boundary layer parameter development in the blade leading edge region. The synthetic particle images are used to analyze the measurement errors in the entire procedure. Overall, three types of errors, namely the errors caused by the Window Deformation Iterative Multigrid (WIDIM) algorithm, the discrete data interpolation and integration, and the wall offset uncertainty, comprise the main measurement error. Specifically, the errors due to the discrete data interpolation and integration and the WIDIM algorithm comprise the mean bias, which can be corrected through the error analysis method proposed in the present work. Meanwhile, the errors due to the WIDIM algorithm and the wall offset uncertainty contribute to the measurement uncertainty. Computational fluid dynamics-based synthetic particle flows were generated to verify the newly developed PIV data processing procedure and the corresponding error analysis method. Results showed that the data processing method could improve the accuracy of PIV measurements for boundary layer flows with high curvature and acceleration and even with significant flow separation bubbles. Finally, the data processing method is also applied in a PIV experiment to investigate the boundary layer flows around a compressor blade leading edge, and several credible boundary flow parameters were obtained.     

A physically-based representative stress methodology for predicting stress rupture life of Ni-based DS superalloy

Smooth and three types of U-shape single-edge notched plate specimens adopted to experimentally investigate stress rupture behavior of Ni-based Directionally Solidified (DS) superalloy at 850 °C exhibit notch weakening effect and multi-source cracking initiation near the notch root. However, stress rupture behavior of smooth and V-shape notched round bars at 1040 °C revealed by Li et al indicates notch strengthening effect and creep micro-holes originating mostly from the central portion. A combined creep-viscoplastic constitutive model is employed to analyze the distribution of stress, strain and stress Triaxial Factor (TF) near the notch root. The different stress distribution and creep restraint between asymmetric notched plate specimens and symmetric notched round bars are the main reasons for the corresponding failure mechanism. Meanwhile, a good qualitative relationship exists between TF value and stress rupture life of notched specimen. Especially, the area with maximum TF value (TF_max) is highly consistent with creep damage initiation region. Hence, based on the distribution characteristics of the initial tensile loading, a representative stress method independent of time -changing creep load at the location of TF_max is conducted for life prediction. The predicted results of both smooth and notched plate specimens and round bars agrees well with the experimental results.     

基于材料时变参量的挖补修理胶层内剪应力研究

以AS4/3501-6材料的挖补修理为研究背景，基于材料热、力学参数的时变特性，分别为补片和胶层建立了热-力-化学多物理场耦合的有限元模型，研究了不同挖补角度和胶层厚度对胶层残余剪应力的影响，探索了不同挖补修理设计方案下的修理过程中胶层残余剪应力分布。结果表明：挖补角度、胶层厚度的增大均会加剧胶层残余剪应力集中；减小挖补角度，可有效降低胶层残余剪应力及沿胶层径向平均剪应力梯度；3°挖补角度下胶层径向中点残余剪应力比15°下降低17%，径向平均剪应力梯度降低92%；减小胶层厚度，胶层残余剪应力减小但平均剪应力梯度增大，0.3 mm胶层厚度下胶层径向中点残余剪应力比1.5 mm下降低15%，径向平均剪应力梯度升高30%。经验证三维有限元模型及计算方法正确，为改进修理工艺、提高修复质量提供了依据。     

电弧风洞上的翼前缘烧蚀试验

介绍在CAAA的FD04电孤风洞上进行的翼前缘防热材料烧蚀试验结果.试验模型由高温陶瓷制成,后掠角53°,高75 mm,长55 mm,前缘半径2 mm,对称截面半锥角为5°.试验设备包括20 MW电弧加热器、混合室、矩形超声速喷管、试验段、轨道模拟系统及真空系统等.使用的矩形超声速喷管的马赫数为3.6,以3个台阶的轨道模拟翼前缘热环境,试验时间为77.0 s.试验结果表明高温陶瓷具有优良的抗烧蚀性能,两件试验模型在试验过程中均未出现破损现象,试验还得到了翼前缘模型试验过程中的内部温度响应.     

Damage sensitivity of a wing-type leading edge structure impacted by a bird

On the windward side of an aircraft, the components with higher probability of impact with birds are the wing-type leading edge structures, such as the wing and tail. A study on the damage sensitivity of a wing-type leading edge structure under bird strikes was presented in this paper. First, a bird strike test was carried out on a wing. The principles of the bird strike test equipment and method were introduced in detail, including the bird strike test system, bird projectile production process and data acquisition system. The dynamic strain measurement results, the high-speed camera videos, and the final deformation and damage morphology observations of the structure were obtained. Based on the coupled Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) - Finite Element Method (FEM), the commercial software PAM-CRASH was used to simulate the process of a bird strike with the wing. The good agreement between the finite element simulation results and the experimental results shows that the calculation method and the numerical model presented in this paper were reasonable. On this basis, wing-type leading edge structures can be designed by adding triangular support. The bird strike resistances of an original structure and improved structure were studied by numerical simulation. The calculated results show that the improved wing-type leading edge structure is less damaged than the original structure under bird strike. The improved leading edge structure satisfied the anti-bird strike airworthiness requirements, as the thickness of the triangular support was 1.2 mm, and the weight of the structure was reduced by 0.87 kg compared with the original structure. This indicated that the bird strike resistance of the improved structure is better than that of the original structure, and the improved design of the wing-type leading edge structure presented in this paper is reasonable.     

高马赫数V字形钝化前缘平板表面压力特性

针对三维内转式进气道V字形唇口下游面临的严酷压力载荷问题，将唇口简化为V字形钝化前缘平板，在来流马赫数为6的条件下，采用数值模拟结合激波风洞压敏涂料测量方法，研究了半径比R/r = 0 ~ 20（V字形根部倒圆半径R与前缘钝化半径r之比）的平板表面压力演化特性。结果表明，随着R/r增大，V字形钝化前缘产生的三维波系结构发生变化，引起下游平板表面压力演变出4种类型。R/r较小时，V字形钝化前缘激波干扰产生的大范围流动分离，诱导形成了偏离中心线较远的分叉状高压区（Type Ⅰ，分叉型）；随着R/r增大，流动分离减弱，分叉状高压区逐渐消失，由透射激波扫掠壁面所形成的条带状高压和超声速射流对撞所形成的中心线高压区逐渐显露，依次出现过渡型（Type Ⅱ）、严酷型（Type Ⅲ）和渐匀型（Type Ⅳ）压力分布。平板上分叉型和过渡型的压力最大值仅为4.3 ~ 7.2p∞（p∞为来流静压），但V字形钝化前缘处的流场品质恶劣；严酷型的压力最大值，随着射流对撞强度的增强而增大，最高可达19p∞；渐匀型的压力最大值，随着射流对撞强度的减弱，逐渐趋近于二维钝前缘平板产生的压力最大值4p∞。     

基于天基边缘计算的在轨智能技术

针对低轨互联网星座的发展以及天基应用不断拓展对计算能力的需求,开展基于天基边缘计算的在轨智能技术研究,这对提升星地带宽利用率和实时决策效率具有重要意义.提出了以低轨卫星为核心的天基边缘计算架构,在此基础上,进一步提出了一种基于深度模仿学习的智能计算卸载模型,以及该模型的在轨分布式联邦学习训练方案.基于空天地海一体化网络...