Proposal of new models of the bottom-side B0 and B1 parameters for IRI

The time series of hourly electron density profiles N(h) obtained from 27 ionosonde stations distributed world-wide have been used to obtain N(h) average profiles on a monthly basis and to extract the expected bottom-side parameters that define the IRI profile under quiet conditions. The time series embrace the time interval from 1998 to 2006, which practically contains the entire solar cycle 23. The Spherical Harmonic Analysis (SHA) has been used as an analytical technique for modeling globally the B0 and B1 parameters as general functions on a spherical surface. Due to the irregular longitudinal distribution of the stations over the globe, it has been assumed that the ionosphere remains approximately constant in form for a given day under quiet conditions for a particular coordinate system. Since the Earth rotates under a Sun-fixed system, the time differences have been considered to be equivalent to longitude differences. The time dependence has been represented by a two-degree Fourier expansion to model the annual and semiannual variations and the year-by-year analyses of the B0 and B1 have furnished nine sets of spherical harmonic coefficients for each parameter. The spatial–temporal yearly coefficients have been further expressed as linear functions of Rz12 to model the solar cycle dependence. The resultant analytical model provides a tool to predict B0 and B1 at any location distributed among the used range of latitudes (70°N–50°S) and at any time that improves the fit to the observed data with respect to IRI prediction.     

Behavior of the equivalent slab thickness over three European stations

The total electron content (TEC) derived from the global positioning system (GPS) and the F2-layer peak electron density obtained from Digisonde data have been used to study the diurnal, seasonal and solar activity variations of the ionospheric equivalent slab thickness (τ) over three European stations located at Pruhonice (50.0°N, 15.0°E), Ebro (40.8°N, 0.5°E) and El Arenosillo (37.1°N, 353.3°E). The diurnal variation of the τ is characterized by daytime values lower than nighttime ones for all seasons at low solar activity while daytime values larger than nighttime characterizes the diurnal variation for summer at high solar activity. A double peak is noticeable at dusk and at dawn, better expressed for winter at low solar activity. The seasonal variations of τ depend on local time and solar activity, the daytime values of τ increases from winter to summer whereas nighttime values of τ show the opposite. The effect of the solar activity on τ depends on local time and season, there being very sensitive for winter nighttime values of τ. The results of this study are compared with those presented by other authors.     

单晶硅超精密车削加工脆塑转变机理及临界切削厚度的研究

通过分析单晶硅的纳米印压试验结果以及显微压痕透射电镜观察结果,并结合尺度效应理论,提出了一种新的单晶硅超精密切削脆塑转变机理,建立了宏微结合的单晶硅超精密切削模型。首次基于理论分析的方法给出了较为精确的单晶硅脆塑转变的临界切削厚度,并通过试验对研究结果给予验证。     

基于小波的航空发动机叶片孔探损伤检测

发动机孔探技术是航空发动机内部故障检测的重要技术,而叶片损伤则是发动机内部的一种常见损伤.针对发动机叶片损伤的特点,通过对损伤模型的分析,应用SUSAN(Smallest Univalue Segment Assimilating Nucleus)边缘检测算法对叶片损伤进行定位,应用小波变换对孔探图像进行分解,得到不同位置处的不同频率分量.并根据损伤模型的分析通过已定位的损伤位置来确定损伤法线方向的频谱分量,计算出损伤处除直流分量之外的其它频率分量的频谱能量,从而依据损伤频谱能量检测并估计发动机叶片的损伤.实验结果表明,应用此方法可以定量检测并估计航空发动机叶片表面损伤情况,为检测并估计发动机叶片损伤提供了理论和实践依据.      

未来移动通信网络中移动边缘计算技术

未来移动通信网络将面临移动数据业务和流量急剧增加,需要低时延和低能耗的高效技术。移动边缘计算(Mobile edge computing,MEC)在网络边缘侧进行计算卸载和资源存储,能极大地降低处理时延和能耗,提高用户服务体验。本文首先概述了MEC的基本原理和技术特点;然后通过具体的MEC的应用场景,进一步总结了MEC技术的优势;最后在现有工作的基础上,给出了MEC可能面临的挑战,并对未来的发展方向进行了论述与展望。MEC将会进一步推动计算和通信的融合,助力5G进入新场景多需求下的多技术融合新阶段。     

柔性后缘可变形机翼气动特性分析

应用后缘主动变弯度技术的机翼能够改善飞行器的气动性能,其气动特性的研究对于未来可变形机翼的设计具有重要意义。以柔性后缘可连续变弯度二元机翼为研究对象,在Fluent计算平台上采用可压缩Navier-Stokes方程和Spalart-Allmaras(S-A)湍流模型进行气动力数值研究,从压力分布、流场结构和机翼变形方式等方面分析了可变形机翼的气动特性。数值计算结果表明,可变形机翼升力线斜率和最大升力系数与常规带简单襟翼的机翼基本一致,但失速攻角较小;在失速之前,可变形机翼具有较高的升力系数和升阻比,但同时产生较大的低头力矩。柔性后缘下偏到一定角度可以抑制后缘涡的前传,在失速后升力系数出现缓慢上升,增大了有效攻角的范围,具有较好的失速特性。      

二维层状材料过渡金属硫化物

过渡金属硫化物（TMDCs）纳米材料优异的性能有利于它在纳米电子学、光电子学和自旋电子学等领域广泛地应用。主要介绍了TMDCs材料最新的进展,概述了TMDCs的制备方法、性能以及纳米结构形态。纳米TMDCs层状材料边缘态对材料性能会产生重要的影响,着重介绍了低维纳米材料边缘态对性能（化学性能、电子性能和磁性能）的影响以及边缘态最新的研究进展,特别是TMDCs材料边缘态的磁性能为其在磁性和自旋领域潜在性的应用提供了可能,并且引起了广大研究者们的兴趣,从实验和理论2个方面总结了该领域的研究成果,为二维层状TMDCs材料的研究提供了支持。      

涡轮叶片前缘旋流-气膜复合冷却内部流动传热特征实验和数值模拟

为了提高涡轮叶片前缘的冷却效率,本研究提出了一种偏置冲击孔的旋流-气膜冷却结构。在20000～50000雷诺数范围内,对冲击孔居中和偏置分别开展实验研究和数值模拟,得到了两种结构的内部传热、流阻和流场特性。实验通过瞬态液晶热像技术获得前缘内表面的详细努塞尔数分布,并结合数值模拟的结果分析了流场特征,对强化换热的机理做出解释。实验结果表明：叶片前缘内部旋流使总体平均努塞尔数提高4.0%~9.4%,同时压力损失降低5.6%~6.4%。数值模拟结果表明,偏置冲击孔利用叶片前缘曲率较大的结构特性产生了强烈的旋流,使高换热区的面积显著增加,改善了内部换热的均匀性。     

V形前缘对激波入射边界层流动影响的数值模拟与分析

为指导V形溢流唇口下游的进气道内部流动分析,采用数值模拟开展V形尖前缘对二维斜激波入射平板边界层流动的影响研究。以气流偏转角6°的二元楔面为基准激波发生器,设计了展向气流收缩角α(0°~60°, 0°对应二元构型)的V形前缘构型,开展对比研究。结果表明,V形前缘构型使得激波入射位置沿展向不均匀、流动具有明显三维特征,并且干扰区壁面压强上升、分离区尺度明显增大。在α=0°~60°范围内,干扰区流动的不均匀程度、分离区尺度随α增大单调增加。进一步分析表明,V形前缘构型干扰具有中间平直、侧边斜掠的耦合入射特性,体现为对称面壁面压强符合自由干扰理论,侧边斜掠入射区参数符合斜掠干扰的锥形流特征。对比二元与α=45°构型的无粘模拟结果,V形前缘会诱导展向两侧对称的斜掠激波、并在对称面相互干扰产生平直的“桥”激波,这使得激波入射位置沿展向不均匀并偏向下游。其中对称面处平直入射激波压升比(2.49)高于二元构型结果(2.24),侧边斜掠激波强度与二元构型基本一致。这些因素综合导致V形前缘构型的分离尺度增大。     

Comparative study of two lay-up sequence dispositions for flexible skin design of morphing leading edge

Morphing leading edge has great potential for noise abatement and aerodynamic efficiency improvement. The drooping effect is realized by bending of the flexible skin which encloses to form the leading edge. Since the flexible skin is often made of composite laminates of Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastics (GFRP), the lay-up sequences have become the determinant, which affects not only the morphing quality but also the manufacturing complexity. Two optimizing methods of lay-up sequences are comparatively studied. In the first method, the laminal quantities in 0°, ±45° and 90° vary independently, while in the second one, the concept of isotropic laminate unit [0/45/−45/90]s is employed and the unit quantity is the unique variable. Final evaluation demonstrates that for both methods there is insignificant impact to the overall morphing quality; however, specific concern is equally necessary for these two methods to the tip of the leading edge where the skin is at its minimum thickness and bears the most severe bending deformation. In terms of computational efficiency and post-processing labor, the second method has better performance.