具有边缘倒圆凹陷涡发生器换热性能实验

使用瞬态液晶(TLC)热像传热测试技术,对具有边缘倒圆的凹陷涡发生器局部传热特征和流动阻力进行了实验研究。凹陷边缘倒圆方案有2种:凹陷前边缘倒圆和凹陷边缘全部倒圆。凹陷的投影直径与通道高度比为1.0,凹陷深度与直径比为0.2,实验雷诺数范围为10 000~60 000。实验结果表明,在选取的雷诺数下,相比于光滑通道,边缘无倒圆的常规球型凹陷涡发生器阵列表面对流换热性能提升了约62.0%,相应的摩擦因子也增大了约73.0%。与无倒圆的常规球型凹陷涡发生器相比,边缘全倒圆的凹陷涡发生器换热性能提升了约3.6%,摩擦因子降低了约4.6%;前边缘倒圆的凹陷涡发生器换热性能提升了约11.0%,摩擦因子提高了约5.2%。综合看来,边缘倒圆使得凹陷涡发生器内部表面传热更加均匀;前边缘倒圆的凹陷涡发生器综合换热性能最高,比边缘无倒圆的常规凹陷涡发生器高出约9.6%;而边缘全部倒圆的凹陷涡发生器的综合换热性能比常规凹陷涡发生器高出近4.4%。     

A Review of the Attachment Line Instability for Hybrid Laminar Flow Control

This paper focuses on the investigation of the attachment line instability for Hybrid Laminar Flow Control （HLFC）, one of the most promising drag reduction technologies for modern transport aircraft respect to high Reynolds numbers and large sweep angles. The attachment line instability also plays an important role during laminar turbulent transition control and HLFC design on a swept wing. The overview of historical research is presented and knowledge gaps are pointed out as the conclusion.     

Recent progress in flapping wing aerodynamics and aeroelasticity

Micro air vehicles (MAVs) have the potential to revolutionize our sensing and information gathering capabilities in areas such as environmental monitoring and homeland security. Flapping wings with suitable wing kinematics, wing shapes, and flexible structures can enhance lift as well as thrust by exploiting large-scale vortical flow structures under various conditions. However, the scaling invariance of both fluid dynamics and structural dynamics as the size changes is fundamentally difficult. The focus of this review is to assess the recent progress in flapping wing aerodynamics and aeroelasticity. It is realized that a variation of the Reynolds number (wing sizing, flapping frequency, etc.) leads to a change in the leading edge vortex (LEV) and spanwise flow structures, which impacts the aerodynamic force generation. While in classical stationary wing theory, the tip vortices (TiVs) are seen as wasted energy, in flapping flight, they can interact with the LEV to enhance lift without increasing the power requirements. Surrogate modeling techniques can assess the aerodynamic outcomes between two- and three-dimensional wing. The combined effect of the TiVs, the LEV, and jet can improve the aerodynamics of a flapping wing. Regarding aeroelasticity, chordwise flexibility in the forward flight can substantially adjust the projected area normal to the flight trajectory via shape deformation, hence redistributing thrust and lift. Spanwise flexibility in the forward flight creates shape deformation from the wing root to the wing tip resulting in varied phase shift and effective angle of attack distribution along the wing span. Numerous open issues in flapping wing aerodynamics are highlighted.     

Flow Field Investigation in a Trapezoidal Duct with Swirl Flow Induced by Impingement Jets

An enlarged model of trapezoidal duct near the leading-edge in the blade is built up. The effects of impingement jets, swirl flow, cross flow and effusion flow are considered. Experiments are performed to measure flow fields in this confined passage and exit holes on one of its side walls. Cross flow and effusion flow are induced in the channel by the outflow of side exit hole (SEH) and film cooling hole (FCH), which are oriented on one end wall and bottom wall of the passage. Detailed flow structures are measured for two impingement angles of 35° and 45° with 6 combinations of outflow ratios. Results show that the small jets impinge the target wall effectively while the large jets contribute to inducing and impelling a strong counter-clockwise vortex in the upper part of the passage. Cross flow plays a dominate role for the flow structures in the passage and exit holes. It deflects jets, enhances swirl and deteriorates side exit conditions. Impingement angle is another significant factor for the flow characteristics. Its effect reveals more evidently with cross flow. Within the present test conditions, the mass flow rates and outflow positions of FCHs have no distinct effect on the main flow structures.     

带有前缘气膜冷却燃气轮机叶片的气热耦合研究(英文)

使用气热耦合数值计算方法对带有"淋浴喷头"式前缘气膜冷却的C3X燃气轮机叶片进行数值模拟。通过对使用不同湍流模型的计算结果与实验测量值进行对比,使用转捩模型能够比较准确的模拟带有气膜冷却射流的边界层内的流动和传热过程。气膜冷却射流在叶片吸力面上游层流边界层区域内表现出比较明显的三维湍流特性,但在吸力面下游边界层转捩为湍流以后,湍流使得气膜冷却射流与主流燃气掺混过程加速而使其三维流动特性迅速消失;在吸力面由于边界层流动始终为层流状态,冷却射流与主流掺混较缓慢而使其仍能保持较强的三维湍流特性。边界层内由高温燃气与被冷却叶片之间温度差形成的温度梯度有益于增强边界层流动的稳定性。     

基于瞬态尾迹模型的直升机旋翼旋转噪声计算

针对旋翼噪声时域方式求解的特点,本文在能考虑厚度影响的桨叶升力面气动模型的基础上,建立了一个随时间推进的瞬时自由尾迹模型,在该模型中,为提高桨叶载荷计算的准确性,计入了翼型的非定常气动力影响、桨叶的挥舞运动和旋翼的气动力平衡。利用建立的自由尾迹模型,结合Farassat的时域噪声预测理论,构建了一个旋翼旋转噪声预测方法。利用该方法首先计算了模型旋翼在前飞时的载荷和声压时间历程,通过与试验数据的对比,验证了方法的有效性,然后基于本文建立的噪声预测方法,计算了悬停和前飞状态直升机旋翼的厚度噪声、载荷噪声及总旋转噪声的声压时间历程和频谱特性。     

聚酰亚胺泡沫吸声性能与理论分析

采用前驱体微球法制备闭孔聚酰亚胺泡沫,并对其吸声性能进行了研究。结果表明,闭孔聚酰亚胺泡沫具有共振吸声特点;对闭孔聚酰亚胺泡沫的吸声系数进行了理论推导,研究了泡沫厚度对泡沫吸声性能的影响,分析了聚酰亚胺泡沫的吸声理论;采用闭孔泡沫与开孔泡沫组合后,泡沫整体吸声性能显著提高。     

一种基于多尺度边缘的图像融合算法

给出了一种只利用源图像多尺度边缘点进行融合的图像融合算法.该算法分为三步:首先, 对源图像进行多尺度边缘检测;其次,采用边缘相关性最大的融合准则对源图像的多尺度边 缘进行融合,得到融合图像的多尺度边缘;最后,由融合图像的多尺度边缘重构 出融合图像.该算法融合过程中计算量小,融合图像中最大程度地保留了源图像的边缘信息 ,在一定程度上对融合图像进行了压缩,从而减小了数据存储所占用的资源以及数据传输占用 的带宽.仿真结果表明,用该算法得到的融合图像能有效包含源图像的信息.      

一种基于角点引导的快速立体边缘匹配方法

提出了一种新的基于角点引导的快速立体边缘匹配方法.在匹配过程中,为了保证其快速性引入了两种新约束:角点约束与边缘约束.首先,利用匹配的角点信息引导边缘的匹配,对如何利用已匹配的角点引导边缘匹配进行了详细的阐述,同时,在引导过程中提出了只利用8个方向的区域扩张方法,进一步保证快速性.其次,提出边缘约束实现点与点的匹配,使搜索范围仅限制在几个像素内,再利用极线约束实现点的匹配,必要时可结合灰度相关约束.结果表明:该算法取得比较好的匹配效果,引入的两种约束在很大程度上提高了速度和正确率,边缘点匹配的正确率高达97%以上.      

开口风洞剪切层流场特性

给出了开口风洞剪切层厚度简化计算公式,开展了数值计算,研究了扩散率和偏移量参数对剪切层速度剖面的影响;分别在两座开口风洞中开展了实验研究,得到了剪切层速度剖面、剪切层厚度、湍流强度和湍流功率谱的变化规律,并将理论结果与实验结果进行了对比分析,结果表明:离开喷口一定距离后,剪切层的轴向速度剖面强自相似,而横向速度剖面弱自相似;剪切层的厚度沿流向位置线性增长;湍流强度值在射流核心区较小且基本稳定,在剪切层区域快速增加;剪切层湍流功率谱为宽带谱,没有与周期性旋涡脱落相关的谱峰。