改善荧光灯照明问题初探

本文对我院大学生视力减弱情况作了调查统计,并提出了保护学生视力的具体建议。文中还就照明与视力的关系,荧光灯接入移相电路、三相电路的方法及优点作了阐述。     

基于覆盖圆的太阳同步回归轨道卫星目标轨迹调整方法

遥感卫星星座在环境监测、地理测绘等领域运用中,需要考虑目标轨迹分布的优化问题.轨迹分布与星座的重访能力和进出站间隔保持等应用需求密切相关.目前对星下点轨迹分布的优化和调整还缺乏准确实用的方法,存在卫星数目增多带来的计算量增加问题和对多种需求综合考虑不够的问题.为了克服现有技术的不足,解决太阳同步回归轨道遥感卫星星座的目...     

航空发动机过渡态全局寻优控制方法研究

为了对发动机的动态过程进行控制, 提出了一种基于SQP的全局寻优控制方法.每一步寻优过程分为长程优化和短程优化两个阶段.根据长程优化结果, 重构了关联目标函数, 在此基础上, 进行了短程优化修正, 并利用修正结果进行控制.将这种方法应用于某型航空发动机的过渡态控制中, 得到了理想的控制结果.仿真结果表明该方法能较好地解决一般局部优化方法在有纯延迟、模型失配等情况下的优化控制效果下降的问题.      

Microstructure and Optical Characterization of Magnetron Sputtered NbN Thin Films

Some fundamental studies on the preparation, structure and optical properties of NbN films were carried out. NbN thin films were deposited by DC reactive magnetron sputtering at different N2 partial pressures and different substrate temperatures ranging from –50 ℃ to 600 ℃. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to characterize their phase com- ponents, microstructures, grain sizes and surface morphology. Optical properties inclusive of refractive indexes, extinction coefficients and transmittance of the NbN films under different sputtering conditions were measured. With the increase in the N2 partial pressure, δ-NbN phase structure gets forming and the grain size and lattice constant of the cubic NbN increasing. The deposited NbN film has relatively high values of refractive index and extinction coefficient in the wavelength ranging from 240 nm to 830 nm. Substrate tem- perature exerts notable influences on the microstructure and optical transmittance of the NbN films. The grain sizes of the δ-NbN film remarkably increase with the rise of the substrate temperature, while the transmittance of the films with the same thickness decreases. Ultra-fine granular film with particle size of several nanometers forms when the substrate is cooled to –50 ℃, and a remarkable aug- mentation of transmittance could be noticed under so low a temperature.     

航空发动机双转子系统的拍振分析

 在双转子航空发动机中,由于转子系统不可避免地存在不平衡量,当两个转子的转速比较接近时,发动机会出现拍振现象,拍振将引起振动强度过大问题。对双转子系统的拍振进行了研究,分析了拍振的周期性、信号强度及其反向转子特性,阐明了拍振产生的机理和特征,并采用数值仿真和试验对拍振进行了定量分析和验证。研究表明,拍振与双转子转速差和不平衡量的相位因素有关,当转速差小于工作转速的20%时,双转子系统拍振信号的强度较大。     

Eliminating negative VTEC in global ionosphere maps using inequality-constrained least squares

Currently, ground-based Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) stations of the International GNSS Service (IGS) are distributed unevenly around the world. Most of them are located on the mainland, while only a small part of them are scattered on some islands in the oceans. As a consequence, many unreasonable zero values (in fact negative values) appear in Vertical Total Electron Content (VTEC) of European Space Agency (ESA) and Center for Orbit Determination in Europe (CODE) IONEX products, especially in 2008 and 2009 when the solar activities were rather quiet. To improve this situation, we directly implement non-negative physical constraints of ionosphere for global ionosphere maps (GIM) with spherical harmonic functions. Mathematically, we propose an inequality-constrained least squares method by imposing non-negative inequality constraints in the areas where negative VTEC values may occur to reconstruct GIM models. We then apply the new method to process the IGS data in 2008. The results have shown that the new algorithm efficiently eliminates the unwanted behavior of negative VTEC values, which could otherwise often be seen in the current CODE and ESA GIM products in both middle and high latitude areas of the Southern Hemisphere (45°S∼90°S) and the Northern Hemisphere (50°N∼90°N). About 64% of GPS receivers’ DCBs have been significantly improved. Finally, we compare the GIM results between with and without the inequality constraints, which has clearly shown that the GIM result with inequality constraints is significantly better than that without the inequality constraints. The inequality-constrained GIM result is also highly consistent with the final IGS products in terms of root mean squared (RMS) and mean VTEC.     

GPS姿态测量的载波相位整周模糊度快速解算

 根据 ARCE方法可以将模糊度搜索空间从所观测到的 m颗卫星的 m -1维降为 3维独立整周模糊度搜索空间,结合整数高斯变换及基线长度约束减小模糊度搜索空间,利用 Cholesky分解提高模糊度搜索效率,实验结果证明该方法能够快速解算整周模糊度适于实时姿态确定等应用。     

相位信息在故障诊断中的应用

 在故障诊断中,人们多从频域中寻找特征,但对于转子系统,许多故障的特征是相似的。相位作为旋转机械里一个很实用的量,在故障诊断中一直没有得到很好的应用,本文指出的相位计算和测量概念和方法,旨在进一步识别故障。     

频率30~50Hz两相脉冲爆震发动机研究

设计了一台内径58mm,长度1275mm的脉冲爆震发动机(PDE)原型机。采用地面充压进气,在工作频率30~50Hz的工况下研究PDE爆震管内的压力波特性。试验发现,该PDE样机在频率50Hz以内都能够稳定的以间歇方式工作,爆震波峰值压力大于1.6MPa;随着PDE工作频率的提高,工作频率为45~50Hz时,比40Hz以下工作频率提前触发了爆震波,且爆震波得到了充分的发展。     

三元共掺杂对YSZ热障涂层热物理性能的影响

采用NiO、Er_2O_3、Yb_2O_3、Y-2O_3、ZrO_2粉末为原料,用高温固相合成法制备复合陶瓷材料,研究该复合陶瓷材料的比热、热扩散系数、热导率等热物理性能,并与传统8YSZ热障涂层材料进行对比。利用XRD测定所制备的陶瓷样块的晶体结构和物相组成,分析该陶瓷试样的物相组成及高温相稳定性。结果表明:NiO、Er_2O_3、Yb_2O_3共掺YSZ后,室温至1500℃范围内的热扩散系数为0.36～0.56 mm^2/s,与8YSZ相比,降低了约20%;室温至1500℃的热导率为1.45～1.55 W/(m·K),比8YSZ降低了18%;2EYNYSZ陶瓷材料具有单一的相结构,经1500℃热处理100 h之内不发生相变。