超细晶硬质合金加工机理及加工性能

围绕超细晶硬质合金精密磨削加工、在线电解修整磨削加工、电火花加工、超声复合加工、激光复合加工等加工方法,系统综述了超细晶硬质合金的加工机理和加工性能,并展望了超细晶硬质合金高效精密加工未来的研究重点。     

不同纤维预制体结构对SiC_f/PyC/SiBCN复合材料力学性能的影响

使用不同织造方式(二维机织,法向增强2.5维机织和三维五向编织)制备了3种SiC纤维预制体,采用树脂转移模塑(RTM)和聚合物浸渍裂解(PIP)工艺制备了SiC_f/PyC/SiBCN复合材料。观察复合材料的显微组织,测试弯曲强度、拉伸强度、压缩强度等力学性能,探究不同预制体结构对复合材料力学性能的影响行为。结果表明:同一预制体结构在不同方向的纤维分布不同导致材料力学性能的各向异性;不同预制体结构对材料力学性能有着显著的影响。     

GT35硬质合金材料高温摩擦磨损特性研究

利用球-盘高温摩擦磨损试验机对GT35硬质合金进行摩擦磨损实验,研究了GT35硬质合金材料的摩擦磨损特性及机理。分析了不同温度和不同摩擦半径情况下GT35硬质合金的摩擦磨损行为。结果表明:在法向载荷不变的条件下,GT35硬质合金的摩擦系数和比磨损率均随温度的上升而增大,其摩擦系数和比磨损率随摩擦半径的增加也呈上升的变化趋势。     

离心力场中TiC/FeNiCr复合材料 涂层的原位反应合成

以Fe₂O₃,Cr₂O₃,CrO₃,NiO,Al,Ti粉和C粉为原料,在离心力场中在碳钢基体表面原位反应合成了TiC-FeNiCr复合材料涂层.利用X射线衍射、金相照相、扫描电镜、X射线能谱分析等手段对涂层的显微结构和组织形貌进行了研究.测试了涂层的显微硬度及干滑动磨损条件下的耐磨性能.结果表明,涂层和碳钢基体能形成冶金结合.涂层由FeNiCr奥氏体和其中弥散分布的TiC硬质相组成.TiC颗粒晶粒尺寸小于3μm,形状呈多边形或花瓣状.涂层显微硬度约为Hv 500~Hv 800,TiC含量增加,涂层的显微硬度提高.涂层较碳钢具有优异的耐磨性能.      

电火花多次切割提高硬质合金表面质量的研究

阐述了硬质合金材料的电火花线切割加工特点.通过采用限位棒、恒张力装置提高电极丝的空间稳定性,并在前两次切割采用复合工作液最后精修采用煤油作为工作介质对硬质合金YG8进行了多次切割.试验结果表明,多次切割的加工表面粗糙度达到1μm以下;与采用复合工作液精修后的加工表面相比,煤油精修后的加工表面微裂纹和微孔洞均明显减少,获得较好的加工表面质量.     

PIP工艺制备SiC晶须增强SiCf/SiC复合材料的性能

以不同界面层厚度的SiC纤维为增强相,采用先驱体浸渍裂解工艺(PIP)制备SiC_f(PyC)/SiC复合材料,并在复合材料基体中引入SiC晶须,对其性能进行研究。结果表明:热解碳(PyC)界面层厚度约为230 nm时,SiC纤维拔出明显,SiC_f/SiC复合材料拉伸强度、弯曲强度和断裂韧度分别达到192.3 MPa、446.9 MPa和11.4 MPa?m^1/2;在SiC_f/SiC复合材料基体中引入SiC晶须后,晶须的拔出、桥连及裂纹偏转等增韧机制增加了裂纹在基体中传递时的能量消耗,使复合材料的断裂韧度和弯曲强度分别提高了22.9%和9.1%。     

基于Cr过渡层沉积CVD金刚石涂层的试验研究

研究了在硬质合金上基于Cr过渡层沉积CVD(Chemical vapor deposition)金刚石涂层的工艺，利用自制的CVD金刚石沉积设备制备出晶形完整、晶粒大小均匀、分布连续的金刚石涂层。用SEM和Raman光谱对CVD金刚石涂层进行了分析。结果表明，沉积工艺对金刚石的形态和成分有显著影响，基体温度在800℃左右时，可以得到晶形完整，非金刚石成分较少，与基体结合紧密的CVD金刚石涂层。     

一种新型白口铸铁的组织与性能

本文研究不同含硅量、不同铬含量硅铬白口铸铁的组织与性能影响，结果表明：随含硅．铬量的增加，硅铬白口铸铁中碳化物的相对量逐渐增加，基体、碳化物的显微和宏观硬度逐渐增加，碳化物由Fe3C和Fe7C3组成；冷却速度和淬火加热温度对该材料冲击磨粒磨损性能影响不大；硅铬白口铸铁下贝氏体基体耐冲击磨粒磨损性能较其它组织的好。     

Laser-induced oxidation assisted micro milling of high aspect ratio microgroove on WC-Co cemented carbide

Severe tool wear and poor surface quality are the main problems during micro machining of cemented carbide. In this work, an innovative hybrid process of laser-induced oxidation assisted micro milling (LOMM) was proposed to solve the problems. A nanosecond laser was utilized to induce oxidation of the WC-20%Co material, producing loose oxide which was easy to remove. The micro machinability of the material was improved by laser-induced oxidation. The oxidation mechanisms of cemented carbide were studied. A microgroove with a depth of 2.5 mm and aspect ratio of 5 was fabricated successfully. The milling force, surface quality and tool wear mechanisms were investigated. For comparison, a microgroove was also fabricated with conventional micro milling (COMM) using identical milling parameters. Results revealed that in LOMM the milling force and tool wear rate were extremely low during removing the oxide. The machined surface quality and dimensional accuracy achieved by LOMM were superior to those obtained by COMM. The surface roughness S_a of the microgroove bottom reached 88 nm in LOMM, while the cross-sectional geometry of the microgroove was a trapezoid. Perpendicularity of the microgroove sidewall machined by LOMM was better than that by COMM. The tool wear forms in LOMM were coating spalling and slight tool nose breakage. Compared with COMM, the tool life in LOMM was prolonged significantly. It indicates that the proposed hybrid process is an effective and efficient way to fabricate high aspect ratio micro-features with high dimensional accuracy.     

硬质合金电火花加工工艺实验研究

针对硬质合金模具的加工表面精度要求,进行了高速钢与硬质合金两种材料的电火花加工工艺对照实验。为获得较低的表面粗糙度,选取了较小的电加工参数。实验结果表明,在该实验条件下,电火花加工的表面粗糙度不再满足常规条件下的经验公式,而与工件材料的再凝结特征、成分及电蚀产物的排出条件有关。