降落伞特性对伞舱系统运动稳定性的影响

建立了伞舱系统刚性连接和弹性连接时的数学模型,针对联盟号飞船回收系统进行了动力学仿真。分析了降落伞侧向力系数、吊带长度、降落伞和载荷质量比以及吊带性质对伞舱系统运动稳定性的影响,其结论可为伞舱回收系统的设计提供参考。     

Spray characteristics of jet–swirl nozzles for thrust chamber injector

Thrust chamber injector is very critical component since that small differences in its design can result in dramatically different performance. This paper presents a preliminary investigation of a mono-propellant jet–swirl nozzle for thrust chamber using the existing commercial nozzle made of brass with little modification. The performance of two types of spray pattern, i.e. hollow cone and solid cone were investigated under cold flow test. Two solid cone injectors were studied at various purely axial orifice diameter with all other parameters remaining constant. This investigation reveals that decrease in the breakup length increased the spray angle. Higher injection pressure leads to shorter breakup length and higher value of discharge coefficient, except for hollow cone nozzle which shows mild fluctuating trend. Experimental data also tells that solid cone nozzle with diameter ratio 0.14 has the highest average discharge coefficient (0.60), followed by hollow cone nozzle (0.25). Solid cone nozzle with diameter ratio of 0.1 has an average discharge coefficient of 0.21.     

地形匹配修正陀螺仪误差漂移系数研究

探讨了巡航导弹在巡航直飞段陀螺仪漂移误差对导弹视加速度的影响,结合地形匹配中的巡航弹航向角偏差研究,对依靠地形匹配分离陀螺仪误差系数方案进行了可行性分析,并且利用地形匹配数据对陀螺仪误差系数进行即时修正.通过仿真计算,对网格大小不同的地形匹配区提出了地形匹配区最大航向角偏差的精度要求.结果显示对误差漂移起到了明显的修正效果,为进一步研究减小制导工具误差的途径提供了新的思路和方法.     

Retrieval of crop variables with field-based X-band microwave remote sensing of ladyfinger

Modeling in agriculture has been widely used to retrieve and monitor various soil and crop growth variables. Remote sensing, especially radar sensors can be useful for temporal and spatial monitoring of the soil and plant variables. Therefore, in this paper field measurements of crop ladyfinger were carried out to examine the dependency of radar backscatter on crop–soil variables and to develop a method for monitoring and retrieving crop variables for ladyfinger. A crop-bed was prepared to observe scatterometer response in the angular range of incidence angle 20–70° at 9.89 GHz in the X-band for VV- and HH-polarization. At the same time, soil moisture, plant height, leaf area index and aboveground biomass were measured at various growth stages of crop ladyfinger. The angular variation of scattering coefficient decreases with the age of crop ladyfinger shows the dominance of crop effect on soil moisture effect at the older age. Thus, angular trends are more flat as the plant grows since the effects of soil is masked by developing vegetation. Scattering coefficient increases with the increase of leaf area index for both polarizations (i.e. VV- and HH-). It was found that leaf area index and aboveground biomass of crop ladyfinger are highly correlated with microwave frequency more than with plant height and soil moisture. Leaf area index and biomass of ladyfinger crop were retrieved by polarization based model and non-linear least square optimization model. These two models gave very good results for the retrieval of leaf area index and aboveground biomass.     

线加速度计高次项系数校准初探

对线加速度计高次项系数的校准方法进行了初步的探讨和研究,对加速度高次项系数校准的影响因素进行了分类和初步分析,对数据处理方法进行了初步算法仿真,为进一步研究线加速度计高次项系数校准奠定了基础.     

弹用内乘波式进气道起动性能研究

 为弄清内乘波式进气道在低马赫数状态下的流动特征,分析影响内乘波式进气道起动能力的因素,研究与弹体匹配设计的内乘波式进气道的起动问题。首先基于一种有利于出口均匀性的基本流场,采用流线追踪技术,设计了来流马赫数为4.0且进出口形状适应弹体安装要求的双模块弹用内乘波式进气道;此后,采用计算流体力学(CFD)方法获得了低马赫数下进气道的三维波系结构和流动特征。研究表明,进气道溢流口位置是影响内乘波进气道起动能力的重要因素:在溢流口位置由两侧改至最下端后,起动马赫数由3.6下降为3.3;采用单模块方案,溢流口设置在下端后,起动马赫数下降为3.25。此外,设计内乘波式进气道基本流场也对起动性能有影响:设计出口马赫数不变,双模块方案下,入口气流偏转角每增大2°,起动马赫数约下降0.1;单模块方案下,提高入口气流偏转角最大可使起动马赫数下降为3.1;进气道内收缩比对起动能力的影响体现在入口气流偏转角不变时,进气道起动能力仅取决于内收缩比,设计出口马赫数每增加0.2,起动马赫数约减小0.2。研究所分析的各个弹用内乘波式进气道在设计条件下均可捕获99%的来流,在扩大了工作马赫数范围的同时,保持了高流量捕获性能和高总压恢复系数的优势。     

高超声速边界层转捩对旋转钝锥自由飞运动的影响

通过在钝锥模型表面上布置人工绊线促使边界层强迫转捩,采用运动自由度不受约束的风洞模型自由飞试验技术研究边界层转捩对高超声速旋转钝锥自由飞行运动特性和气动特性的影响规律,并与自然转捩的旋转钝锥风洞模型自由飞试验结果作对比分析,试验马赫数为5.0,以模型长为特征尺寸的自由流雷诺数为1.68×106。研究结果表明:有人工绊线的旋转钝锥在自由飞行过程中有"激励稳定"的绕流流场,产生动态稳定的自由飞运动(动稳定导数系数小于0),而无转捩绊线的旋转钝锥在自由飞行中则有"激励不稳定"的绕流流场,产生动态不稳定的自由飞运动(动稳定导数系数大于0)。     

Instability analysis and drag coefficient prediction on a swept RAE2822 wing with constant lift coefficient

Swept wing is widely used in civil aircraft,whose airfoil is chosen,designed and optimized to increase the cruise speed and decrease the drag coefficient.The parameters of swept wing,such as sweep angle and angle of attack,are determined according to the cruise lift coefficient requirement,and the drag coefficient is expected to be predicted accurately,which involves the instability characteristics and transition position of the flow.The pressure coefficient of the RAE2822 wing with given constant lift coefficient is obtained by solving the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equation numerically,and then the mean flow is calculated by solving the boundary layer(BL) equation with spectral method.The cross-flow instability characteristic of boundary layer of swept wing in the windward and leeward is analyzed by linear stability theory(LST),and the transition position is predicted by eNmethod.The drag coefficient is numerically predicted by introducing a laminar/turbulent indicator.A simple approach to calculate the lift coefficient of swept wing is proposed.It is found that there is a quantitative relationship between the angle of attack and sweep angle when the lift coefficient keeps constant;when the angle of attack is small,the flow on the leeward of the wing is stable.when the angle of attack is larger than 3°,the flow becomes unstable quickly;with the increase of sweep angle or angle of attack the disturbance on the windward becomes more unstable,leading to the moving forward of the transition position to the leading edge of the wing;the drag coefficient has two significant jumping growth due to the successive occurrence of transition in the windward and the leeward;the optimal range of sweep angle for civil aircraft is suggested.     

三轴稳定式卫星的热特性研究

热特性研究是卫星热控制系统、红外辐射特性研究、红外隐身设计的基础和重要组成部分。建立卫星运行轨道计算模型,获得不同时刻卫星三维坐标及轨道高度。根据太阳、卫星、地球三者位置关系,建立三轴稳定式卫星空间热流计算模型。综合考虑空间热流、向外辐射、内部热载荷等因素,对卫星进行传热分析计算,获得各时刻卫星各面温度分布。分析了太阳吸收系数和卫星内部热载荷对表面温度分布的影响。研究结果表明:卫星在地球阴影区各面温度明显降低;除了散热面,太阳吸收系数对卫星表面温度影响显著;可以根据散热面大致地判断卫星运行状况。     

三浮陀螺仪沿输出轴误差系数DO的产生机理分析

目前,三浮陀螺仪误差模型包含沿输出轴的一次项误差系数DO,该误差项尚无明显的物理意义,但 DO的标定结果在0.0002(°)/(h·g)～0.015(°)/(h·g).针对三浮陀螺仪的结构特点和测试方法分析了DO的产生机理,通过调整安装误差角的试验说明安装误差角带来的天向地速和一次项分量会影响DO,因此系统在选用陀螺误差模型时,需关注由测试方法带来的误差.同时,陀螺在设计、生产和调试过程中对安装误差角的影响应予以重视.最后用统计检验的方法说明DO对误差模型的线性影响不显著,为系统选取陀螺误差模型提供依据.