改进型微型扩压器设计方法

在某直径6cm级的微型涡轮发动机MJ-S1研制中微型扩压器方案得到了改进,改进型微型扩压器由完整的主叶片和通道后部的分流叶片构成,可以避免气流的强烈掺混,降低转弯段内气流速度,减小流动损失.介绍了这种扩压器的设计方法,采用数值模拟的方法研究了设计参数通道面积和叶片角分布对扩压器性能的影响.MJ-S1最佳的改进型扩压器具有上凸的通道面积分布和接近线性的叶片角分布,该扩压器在压气机级中工作时总压恢复系数接近0.9.      

时变海面复反射系数建模

基于二维时变海面模型和粗糙面电磁散射的低阶小斜率近似方法,研究了海面复反射系数的时变和统计特性.在电磁散射幅度基础上推导了粗糙面反射系数及其相干和非相干分量,相干分量理论计算公式与经验模型一致.仿真结果表明相干分量幅度与经验模型基本吻合,但相位中存在明显的起伏特性,这种起伏在经验公式中没有体现出来.引入Middleton相位差统计模型为反射系数时变特性建模,仿真数据统计与理论分布吻合较好,且概率密度函数的等高图可以很好地表征时变复反射系数间的相关特性.这种吻合性表明复反射系数在短时间尺度上满足高斯分布,但其幅度和频率被海浪长波调制.      

凹腔型亚燃冲压发动机燃烧效率研究

通过开展亚燃冲压发动机直连式试验,研究了不同来流条件、不同余气系数时的燃烧性能.结果表明:燃烧效率受来流温度的影响较小,但随着余气系数增加,燃烧效率降低.总体而言,凹腔型燃烧室具有0.9左右的燃烧效率,初步达到了亚燃冲压发动机的实用化要求.      

一种大偏距埋入式进气道气动特性试验

对一种大偏距埋入式进气道进行了高速风洞试验研究,得到了该进气道的气动特性,结果表明:①巡航状态时,出口马赫数的变化对进气道性能影响不大,进气道具有较高的巡航性能.②在试验研究的范围内,随飞行马赫数的增加,进气道性能有所下降;攻角的增加对进气道性能有所改善,侧滑角的变化对进气道性能影响不大.③进/发匹配点时,进气道通道内气流脉动功率谱密度分布呈现白噪声特征,在大攻角或偏航条件下进气道气流脉动功率谱密度有明显的峰值.      

基于变权重最小二乘法的发动机气路故障诊断

针对航空发动机气路部件故障诊断中存在的严重故障诊断问题,提出基于变权重最小二乘法进行发动机故障诊断.该方法在发动机仿真实验的基础上采用加权最小二乘法进行故障诊断,并对算法进行了改进,根据初期诊断结果对故障权重系数矩阵进行修正,使诊断结果更加合理可信.仿真表明,基于变权重最小二乘法的发动机气路故障诊断能快捷有效地诊断气路部件严重故障.      

捷联惯测组合测试数据稳定性分析

惯测组合是惯性制导的核心部件,其参数的稳定性不仅代表了惯测组合的质量,同时对飞行实验精度有着决定性的影响。针对某惯测组合在单元测试中稳定性参数合格,但在综合测试中却表现不稳定,本文从惯测组合的一次通电稳定性入手展开分析,揭示造成两者测试差异的主要原因,进而分析了该惯测组合存在问题的根源以及对测试的影响,最后提出了解决问题的方法和建议。     

Particle acceleration and gamma rays in solar flares: Recent observations and new modeling

Experiments on SMM, GAMMA, Yohkoh, GRANAT, Compton GRO, INTEGRAL, RHESSI and CORONAS-F satellites over the past three decades have provided copious data for fundamental research relating to particle acceleration, transport and energetics of flares and to the ambient abundance of the solar corona, chromosphere and photosphere. We summarize main results of solar gamma-astronomy (including some results of several joint Russian–Chinese projects) and try to appraise critically a real contribution of those results into modern understanding of solar flares, particle acceleration at the Sun and some properties of the solar atmosphere. Recent findings based on the RHESSI, INTEGRAL and CORONAS-F measurements (source locations, spectrum peculiarities, ³He abundance etc.) are especially discussed. Some unusual features of extreme solar events (e.g., 28 October 2003 and 20 January 2005) have been found in gamma-ray production and generation of relativistic particles (solar cosmic rays, or SCR). A number of different plausible assumptions are considered concerning the details of underlying physical processes during large flares: (1) existence of a steeper distribution of surrounding medium density as compared to a standard astrophysical model (HSRA) for the solar atmosphere; (2) enhanced content of the ³He isotope; (3) formation of magnetic trap with specific properties; (4) prevailing non-uniform (e.g., fan-like) velocity (angular) distributions of secondary neutrons, etc. It is emphasized that real progress in this field may be achieved only by combination of gamma-ray data in different energy ranges with multi-wave and energetic particle observations during the same event. We especially note several promising lines for the further studies: (1) resonant acceleration of the ³He ions in the corona; (2) timing of the flare evolution by gamma-ray fluxes in energy range above 90 MeV; (3) separation of gamma-ray fluxes from different sources at/near the Sun (e.g., different acceleration sources/episodes during the same flare, contribution of energetic particles accelerated by the CME-driven shocks etc.); (4) asymmetric magnetic geometry and new magnetic topology models of the near-limb flares; (5) modeling of self-consistent time scenario of the event.     

An Adaptive Weighted Differential Game Guidance Law

For intercepting modern high maneuverable targets, a novel adaptive weighted differential game guidance law based on the game theory of mixed strategy is proposed, combining two guidance laws which are derived from the perfect and imperfect information pattern, respectively. The weights vary according to the estimated error of the target’s acceleration, the guidance law is generated by directly using the estimation of target’s acceleration when the estimated error is small, and a differential game guidance law with adaptive penalty coefficient is implemented when the estimated error is large. The adaptive penalty coefficients are not constants and they can be adjusted with current target maneuverability. The superior homing performance of the new guidance law is verified by computer simulations.     

涨圈密封挤压油膜阻尼器流场与阻尼特性

为研究两端密封型挤压油膜阻尼器流场与阻尼特性,建立了涨圈密封挤压油膜阻尼器三维非定常流场数值仿真模型。基于Fluent软件中的Mixture多相流模型和Schnerr-Sauer空化模型数值模拟得到动态油膜压力与气相体积分数的周向分布规律。将计算得到的阻尼器油膜压力与文献中的试验数据对比,结果显示:两者具有较高的一致性。由动态油膜力导出的平均等效阻尼系数与试验采用阻抗法识别的结果相比仅有0.6%的偏差,从而验证了该数值模型与预测方法的有效性。进一步的数值计算表明增大进动半径、进动频率、涨圈密封的狭缝宽度均会使挤压油膜阻尼器流场中的空化现象加重,同时等效阻尼系数降低。      

涡轮机匣流动阻力特性实验

通过实验测量了不同雷诺数（80000~260000）情况下整个涡轮机匣腔内的压力分布,总结了涡轮机匣腔内压力分布和流动阻力特性.实验结果表明:①在腔二到腔三的过渡区域,压力下降非常明显,压力损失较大;②随着雷诺数的增大,静压系数有增大的趋势,增大的幅度在19%以内;③随着雷诺数的增大,总压损失系数变化较为平稳,变化范围在10%以内.