静止侧压力系数及其试验方法

静止侧压力系数是岩土工程中一个非常重要的参数，本文分析和讨论静止侧压力定义及其试验方法以及相关试验设备，以便引起广大学者关注静止侧压力系数确定法及其选取等方面的研究。     

一种二自由度球形五杆并联机构的运动学分析

应用螺旋理论分析一种二自由度球形五杆并联机构的运动螺旋及其反螺旋，在此基础上分析了其自由度。建立其位置正、反解方程，并进行验证。应用螺旋理论建立了其一阶影响系数矩阵。     

孔板倒角对平衡型低温流量计工作性能影响的数值分析

平衡型低温流量计可用于低温推进剂的加注、分配、输送等环节,其孔板结构特征是影响流量计性能的关键因素。为了研究孔板倒角对平衡型低温流量计流出系数、压力损失系数和稳定性的影响,建立了基于Mixture多相流模型、Schnerr-Sauer空化模型和Realizable k-ε湍流模型的CFD数值模型,并结合文献中的水翼空化实验和多孔板流动实验的结果验证了模型的可靠性。模拟计算结果显示,开设前倒角会增大多孔板的流出系数,减小压力损失系数,但会增大流量计测量时的不稳定性;在一定的计算工况下,45°的前倒角使流出系数由0.674增大到0.907,适当开设前倒角可以有效提高流量计的工作性能。而开设后倒角对流量计性能的影响较小。用于流体流量的双向测量时,可对多孔板的前后端均开设45°的倒角。     

齿轮分扭传动的均载行为机理及参数匹配分析

为提高分扭传动系统的均载特性,通过构建误差、载荷的分析图,剖析了影响均载性能的机理;考虑支撑刚度、扭转刚度以及齿轮副的时变啮合刚度,采用集中质量法建立了传动系统的动力学模型。通过龙格库塔法求解传动系统动力学模型,计算了传动系统的均载系数;运用正交试验法获得了齿侧间隙、中心距误差对均载特性的影响规律和权重。研究结果表明:齿侧间隙具有相关性,其取值应满足一定的规则;中心距误差无相关性,并车级中心距误差对均载和动载荷系数的影响权重较大。因此,为提高分扭传动构型的均载特性,齿侧间隙、中心距误差需采用参数匹配的设计方法。     

Mechanistic identification of cutting force coefficients in bull-nose milling process

An improved method to determine cutting force coefficients for bull-nose cutters is proposed based on the semi-mechanistic cutting force model. Due to variations of cutting speed along the tool axis in bull-nose milling, they affect coefficients significantly and may bring remarkable discrepancies in the prediction of cutting forces. Firstly, the bull-nose cutter is regarded as a finite number of axial discs piled up along the tool axis, and the rigid cutting force model is exerted. Then through discretization along cutting edges, the cutting force related to each element is recalculated, which equals to differential force value between the current and previous elements. In addition, coefficient identification adopts the cubic polynomial fitting method with the slice elevation as its horizontal axis. By calculating relations of cutting speed and cutting depth, the influences of speed variations on cutting force can be derived. Thereby, several tests are conducted to calibrate the coefficients using the improved method, which are applied to later force predictions. Eventually, experimental evaluations are discussed to verify the effectiveness. Compared to the conventional method, the results are more accurate and show satisfactory consistency with the simulations. For further applications, the method is instructive to predict the cutting forces in bull-nose milling with lead or tilt angles and can be extended to the selection of cutting parameters.     

二元超声速进气道流管压缩量特性与应用初步研究

为研究流管压缩程度与超声速进气道临界总压恢复系数的规律,以双楔外压式进气道为例,对不同来流马赫数、多种方案进行实例研究。研究马赫数范围为2.0至4.0,各种压缩方案涉及宽泛的总转折角范围和多种楔角组合方式。研究结果表明,就通常设计中常用的压缩方案范围而言,临界总压恢复系数与流管收缩比呈明显的正相关变化规律,并在一定的范围内两者呈近似线性关系,基于流管收缩比可实现对临界总压恢复系数大小的近似判断。      

Perpendicular transport of charged particles: Results for the unified nonlinear transport theory derived from the Newton–Lorentz equation

The perpendicular diffusion coefficient is calculated by combining a recently developed Unified Nonlinear Transport (UNLT) theory with the Newton–Lorentz equation. The total perpendicular mean free path can be described as a combination of a guiding center contribution and a microscopic contribution. It is shown that the total mean free path depends strongly on the energy range of the turbulence power spectrum and on particle energy. Further, a slab/2D composite model is used to investigate the influence of each contribution to the total mean free path for a quasi-3D turbulence model. For pure 2D turbulence the UNLT reduces to the NLGC-theory. For pure slab turbulence the guiding center contribution is subdiffusive in accordance with simulations and the theorem on reduced dimensionality. Conversely, the microscopic contribution is non-zero, which has to be interpreted as normal diffusion.     

涡轮叶冠换热特性实验与数值模拟

利用数值模拟及实验方法对涡轮叶冠间隙流场换热特性进行了研究,分析静止状态下叶尖泄漏流雷诺数、前后孔岀流比、叶尖间隙等参数对叶冠的表面传热系数的影响.结果表明:叶冠转速的变化对表面传热系数影响较小;随着泄漏流雷诺数的增加,叶冠的平均表面传热系数增大;平均表面传热系数随前、后孔岀流比增大而增大,其中前孔出流比的影响较为明显;叶尖间隙减小,平均表面传热系数增大,并且随叶尖间隙的减小,增长越来越快.将计算与实验结果进行了比较,吻合良好,误差小于10%.      

功率四分支齿轮传动系统的固有特性与动载系数

建立了功率四分支齿轮传动系统动力学模型,基于轴单元法建立了单根转子的振动方程,依据齿轮啮合矩阵实现各转子振动方程的耦合,形成了传动系统的动力学方程,依据动力学方程求解了系统的固有频率和固有振型,得出了在给定转速下系统需进行越界阻尼设计以确保稳定工作的结论;然后分析了不同传动误差下齿轮动载系数变化情况.结果表明:传动误差对功率四分支齿轮传动系统的动载系数有比较明显的影响,随着传动误差的增加系统动载系数也增大,特别在高速级齿轮上表现更加显著.该分析方法和结论为四分支齿轮传动系统的动态优化设计奠定了基础.      

固体推进剂药柱不确定结构分析及方法比较

针对复合固体推进剂力学性能参数的不确定性对固体火箭发动机药柱结构分析的影响,使用软件ANSYS parametric design language(APDL)建立了受固化降温载荷和压力载荷联合作用下药柱结构的参数化有限元模型.在此基础上,分别应用蒙特卡洛法和响应面法,研究了复合固体推进剂热膨胀系数与初始泊松比的随机分布对药柱结构有限元分析的影响,并对两种方法得到的概率分析结果进行了对比.结果表明:复合推进剂热膨胀系数和初始泊松比微小的变化会对结构分析结果产生较大的影响;药柱结构响应对初始泊松比更为敏感.在药柱结构有限元分析时考虑推进剂力学性能参数的不确定性十分必要.通过对两种不确定结构分析方法的比较发现,响应面法得到的分析结果与蒙特卡洛法得到的分析结果十分接近,且分析效率远高于蒙特卡洛法.