固体火箭喷管两相流中微粒直径的实用拟合公式

根据国外实际发动机试车实测的喷管两相流中微粒直径等参数，用多参数最小二乘法拟合出较方便实用的质量加权平均直径Ｄ４３计算公式，以作为预估发动机性能的依据。     

固体火箭发动机内轴对称两相流场的一体化数值模拟

将固体火箭发动机燃烧室和喷管作为一个整体，应用时间相关法进行了轴对称两相流场的一体化数值模拟。对气相采用ＭａｃＣｏｒｍａｃｋ显式差分格式，对颗粒相则采用特征线法进行计算。计算结果表明该方法可以对带潜入式喷管的发动机内复杂的两相流场进行有效的数值模拟。     

Effects of RRA Treatments on Microstructures and Properties of a New High-strength Aluminum-Lithium Alloy-2A97

A new high strength 2A97 Al-Cu-Li-X alloy was subjected to triple-aging of retrogression and re-aging treatments (RRA). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and tensile tests were used to investigate the effects of RRA treatment on the microstructures and properties. DSC test reveals the reversion temperature range of the strengthening δ' (Al3Li)phase. The results show that the microstructure consists of δ' (Al3Li) phase, T1 (Al2CuLi) phase and θ"/θ'(Al2Cu) phase for 2A97 alloy treated by a triple-aging ora retrogression and re-aging treatment in the following order: (1) at 165 ℃×30 min, (2) at 220 ℃ or 240 ℃×15 min, (3) at 165 ℃×24 h. The plastic deformation, incorporated into the treatment after secondary high temperature aging, promotes the T1 precipitation during final re-aging. The tensile properties of the alloy treated by the retrogression and re-aging treatment reach the peak level of alloy single-aged at 165 ℃ in T6 temper.     

基于衍射图像的大型光学镜面在位检测

介绍了相位恢复测量系统的软硬件实现原理。构建了由CCD移动平台等硬件装置和基于GS迭代算法的软件程序组成的实验平台。并对一面口径500mm的球面反射镜进行了在位加工环境下的测量实验。测试结果与干涉测量相比较表明测量数据准确,精度满足光学镜面研抛加工要求。     

Observed Long-Term Variations of Solar Irradiance at the Earth’s Surface

The variation of global radiation (sum of direct solar and diffuse sky radiation) at the Earth’s surface is examined based on pyranometer measurements at about 400~sites. The period of the study covers in general the last 50 years. For Europe the study is extended to the beginning of observations in the 1920s and 1930s. Global radiation generally increased in Europe from the 1920s to the 1950s. After the late 1950s and early 1960s global radiation began to decrease in most areas of the world at a mean rate of 0.7 Wm⁻²a⁻¹ until 1980s, thereafter 75%; of the stations showed a recovery at a mean rate of 0.7 Wm⁻²a⁻¹. All stations in the Polar region, which are far from aerosol sources, also show this pattern of change. At the remaining 25% of the stations the decrease has continued to present. These regions are a part of China, most of India, and Central Africa. Both during the declining and recovering phases global radiation observed under the cloudless condition also followed the same tendency, indicating the simultaneous and parallel changes of aerosol and cloud conditions. Long-term observations of total zenith transmittance of the atmosphere indicate a decrease in transmittance to the mid 1980s and an increase after this period. Since the brighter and darker periods correspond to relatively warmer and colder periods, the present study offers the possibility to quantitatively evaluate the mutual relationships between the solar irradiance, atmospheric transmittance, cloud conditions and air temperature.     

自动着陆精确轨迹跟踪控制

研究自动着陆过程中的非最小相位飞机对象的轨迹精确输出跟踪问题.分析了自动着陆过程的特点,采用稳定逆控制方法并结合反馈控制器设计了大型运输机的自动着陆控制律.稳定逆根据对象模型产生期望控制输入和期望状态轨迹,反馈控制器处理飞机对象参数不确定性及外界干扰.基于飞机对象的相对阶,设计了满足舒适性的光滑进场着陆期望轨迹.仿真结果表明,自动着陆控制律具有精确跟踪能力,自动着陆过程满足美国联邦航空局III类精密进场着陆要求,并且飞机内部动态稳定有界.     

燃烧室内二维两相湍流流场数值分析

利用控制容积法求解固体火箭发动机燃烧室内的二相不可压湍流流动，采用多重区域网格法，将复杂的物理域分成两个简单的物理域，分别生成贴体网格。     

基于城市环境变迁的经济增长研究

文章运用经济增长理论分析了城市环境变迁对经济增长的促进作用,提出了我国城市环境变迁的路径,如政府规划,政府财政政策的支持等.指出城市环境构成城市经济增长的生态潜力,城市环境变迁对中国工业化和城市化发展具有极其重要的意义.     

GT9000微波合成信号源频率合成方案

介绍了GT9000微波合成信号源的频率合成方案。讨论了怎样在10MHz～26．5GHz的频率范围内产生具有理想频谱和1Hz分辨力的高稳定的微波信号。     

入世:法律环境的变化与中国民航行政管理的对策研究

从入世前后中国民航行政管理的法律环境发生的巨大变化入手,探讨了中国现行民航行政管理体制可能遭遇的机遇和挑战;依据现代行政管理理论的新发展,为中国民航的行政管理改革提出了一些政策建议。