联接翼布局低速纵向气动特性初探

本文基于低速风洞纵向测力以及涡格法的理论计算结果,初步探索了联接翼布局的低速纵向气动特性,并与相应的机翼、尾翼相分离的正常布局的试验结果作了比较。结果表明,联接翼布局具有许多优点,如较大的升为线斜率C_~α、较大升力系数C_(max)、较大的纵向稳定度、相当小的诱导阻力C_(zi)和较高的巡航升阻比K。还研究了在联接翼前部配置鸭翼对进一步提高和改善其纵向气动性能的可能性。     

前掠翼布局中鸭翼气动影响的数值模拟

 采用三维Navier-Stokes方程和剪切应力输运（SST）湍流模型,就鸭翼不同位置和形状对前掠翼鸭式布局气动性能的影响进行数值模拟,并针对风洞试验方法难于分部件研究机翼、鸭翼以及机身各自气动特性的缺点,对布局升阻特性按部件分解研究并分析流动机理。研究结果表明：前掠翼鸭式布局气动性能（特别是在大迎角情况下）与鸭翼位置及其形状紧密相关,高位近距后掠式鸭翼可以与机翼产生更为有利的相互干扰,与无鸭翼布局相比最大升力系数提高约28.3%,最大升阻比提高约15.4%,大大地提高了前掠翼布局的纵向气动性能。该研究结果可为先进前掠翼布局飞机的预研和发展提供一定的理论参考。     

Unsteady flow phenomena associated with leading-edge vortices

This paper presents selected results from extensive experimental investigations on turbulent flow fields and unsteady surface pressures caused by leading-edge vortices, in particular, for vortex breakdown flow. Such turbulent flows may cause severe dynamic aeroelastic problems like wing and/or fin buffeting on fighter-type aircraft. The wind tunnel models used include a generic delta wing as well as a detailed aircraft configuration of canard-delta wing type. The turbulent flow structures are analyzed by root-mean-square and spectral distributions of velocity and pressure fluctuations. Downstream of bursting local maxima of velocity fluctuations occur in a limited radial range around the vortex center. The corresponding spectra exhibit significant peaks indicating that turbulent kinetic energy is channeled into a narrow band. These quasi-periodic velocity oscillations arise from a helical mode instability of the breakdown flow. Due to vortex bursting there is a characteristic increase in surface pressure fluctuations with increasing angle of attack, especially when the burst location moves closer to the apex. The pressure fluctuations also show dominant frequencies corresponding to those of the velocity fluctuations. Using the measured flow field data, scaling parameters are derived for design purposes. It is shown that a frequency parameter based on the local semi-span and the sinus of angle of attack can be used to estimate the frequencies of dynamic loads evoked by vortex bursting.     

鸭翼展向吹气涡控技术增升特性研究

利用低速风洞测力实验,对一个机翼前缘后掠角为40°的近距耦合鸭式布局简化模型,系统研究了不同鸭翼前缘后掠角和鸭翼展向吹气量对该布局增升量值的影响,给出了不同迎角下升力系数和增升量值随鸭翼前缘后掠角和鸭翼展向吹气动量系数的变化曲线.结果表明:在一定迎角范围内(16°~50°),对于不吹气情况,鸭翼前缘后掠角越大,布局的增升量越大,说明鸭翼作为涡控制部件是合适的;当对鸭翼进行展向吹气时,吹气动量系数越大,布局的增升量也越大,说明利用鸭翼展向吹气技术达到间接控制机翼涡,延迟机翼涡的破裂,增加机翼的升力是完全可行的.     

低旋鸭式弹道修正火箭弹控制力与控制方法研究

针对单通道鸭式弹道修正火箭弹,分析了控制力的产生原理,提出了一种新的舵偏控制方法。简述了弹道修正火箭弹的系统组成和工作原理;根据弹体滚转特性,采用周期平均法确定了弹体在俯仰通道和偏航通道的控制分量;基于周期平均力产生的原理,确定舵机换向的次数、换向相位的选择方法,提出了零位过渡的舵偏控制方法,减小舵机瞬时偏转带来的扰动和对稳定性的影响;对比修正能力,采用正弦舵偏控制方法,确定了控制力的最终算法。最后,通过半实物仿真试验验证,表明正弦舵偏控制方法具有很好的可行性和有效性,能够实现良好的响应速度和控制精度,为后续的制导控制设计提供了有效的理论和技术支持。     

鸭式旋翼/机翼飞行器转换末段气动特性

采用数值模拟方法研究鸭式旋翼/机翼(CRW,Canard Rotor/Wing)飞行器在转换过程末段,旋翼转速极低时全机气动特性变化规律及其产生原因.给出了旋翼旋转一周时,全机气动力、气动力矩、焦点位置变化规律,对此布局形式,转换过程末段全机升力、阻力变化幅度可达10.7%,3.7%,焦点可移动0.6 m.研究显示:旋翼处于前后不对称流场及旋翼处于不同方位角时对机体的不对称干扰是气动力与气动力矩变化原因,旋翼与平尾升力线斜率变化、旋翼自身焦点位置变化导致了全机焦点移动.      

在近距耦合鸭式布局中的涡系结构

在近距耦合鸭式布局的机理研究中,主翼涡和鸭翼涡的干扰方式一直是研究的关键。通过激光片光实验观察了低雷诺数时上翼面主翼涡和鸭翼涡的相互位置,进而分析了在低雷诺数时主翼涡和鸭翼涡的干扰方式。研究表明,鸭翼涡和主翼涡的干扰行为包括卷绕和诱导（影响相互位置或下洗）,但不同强度的鸭翼涡和主翼涡的干扰结果不同。通过初步分析,提出了一个统一的涡系干扰模型。     

鸭翼双三角翼流态及气动力特性研究

本文给出了鸭翼对双三角翼气动特性及涡的发展和破裂过程的影响，进而分析了鸭翼位置、平面形状对全机气动特性影响的机理，并提出了合理的鸭翼双三角翼布局形式。     

Numerical Simulation of Rotor-aerodynamic Surface Interaction in Hover Using Moving Chimera Grid

Three-dimensional unsteady Navier-Stokes equations are numerically solved to simulate the aerodynamic interaction of rotor, canard and horizontal tail in hover based on moving chimera grid. The variations of unsteady aerodynamic forces and moments of the canard and horizontal tail with respect to the rotor azimuth are analyzed with the deflection angle set at 0° and 50°, respectively. The pressure map of aerodynamic surfaces and velocity vector distribution of flow field are investigated to get better understanding of the unsteady aerodynamic interaction. The result shows that the canard and horizontal tail present different characteristics under the downwash of the rotor. The canard produces much vertical force loss with low amplitude fluctuation. Contrarily, the horizontal tail, which is within the flow field induced by the down wash of the rotor, produces only less vertical force loss, but the amplitudes of the lift and pitching moment are larger, implying that a potential deflection angle scheme in hover is 50° for the canard and 0° for the horizontal tail.     

重心位置对不同布局飞机尾旋特性的影响

为了研究某大型民机重心位置轴向变化对其尾旋特性的影响,在尾旋风洞中进行了飞机模型的尾旋特性研究试验,试验结果表明在前重心条件下,模型旋转更加明显,尾旋情况更为严酷。同时展示了重心位置轴向变化对鸭式布局飞机和高平尾尾吊发动机布局飞机的影响,并进行了对比分析。此外,还研究了重心位置横向变化对常规布局大型民用飞机尾旋特性的影响。