某地高精度室内真北方位基准建立方法

为了校准寻北定向装备的寻北偏差,需要建立真北方位基准。由于气象因素的影响,室外真北基准目标成像质量和观测仪器稳定性均受到制约,因此,需要在室内建立高精度的真北方位基准。提出了一种高精度室内真北方位基准建立方法。本方法的真北基准采用2个平行光管和1个平面镜来维持,并利用2台Leica5100A 0.5″级电子经纬仪采用双测站天文定向方法进行标定。实测结果表明：2017年10月19和20日在室内外温差和湿度差很大的环境下,仅通过2个时段总共6个测回观测,计算得到的3个真北方位的平均值中误差分别高达0.17″、0.18″、0.20″。2018年10月11和12日进行了复测,3个真北方位的平均值中误差分别为0.47″、0.30″、0.48″,复测3个基准变化分别为+3.84″、+1.96″、+3.80″。测量结果表明,所建立的室内真北方位基准稳定,采用的技术措施和方法有效。     

一种改进的激光星间链路终端指向误差在轨标定方法

提出一种改进的激光星间链路终端(LCT)指向误差在轨标定方法,对激光星间链路终端指向误差模型和观测数据获取方法进行改进。针对现有的终端指向误差参数模型误差因素考虑不足的问题,引入相应的误差项描述误差因素影响。针对链路观测法中存在的激励信号受限,不能充分激励误差参数的问题,以捕获过程中指向机构主动摆动时的入射光信号作为激励信号,以系统误差参数的可观测度最大为目标优化设计激励信号。仿真结果表明：经过本方法标定的误差参数经修正后, 激光星间链路终端的最大指向误差（方位向）由改进前的867.8 μrad下降到改进后的112.1 μrad;最大指向误差（俯仰向）由改进前的62.1 μrad下降到改进后的51.5 μrad,有效地提高了激光星间链路终端指向精度。     

发动机零部件稳态应力计算的状态函数法

An opti mization process is used to redesign blades of a high-pressure compressor.An artificial neural network (ANN) method is coupled to Navier-Stokes solvers and is applied to three different redesigns.A newrotor blade of a transonic compressor is designed by modifying thick, stacking line andinlet angle using a 3Dapproach, with a significant efficiencyi mprovement at the design point.The off-design behavior of this new compressor is also checked afterwards, which shows that the whole performance of the inlet stage is improved over a wide range of mass flow.The losses are reduced, proving the good performance of the opti mum.The whole results indicate that the opti mization method can find i mproved design and can be integrated in a design procedure.      

Optimization Design System for Composite Structures Based on Grid Technology

To solve the topology optimization of complicated multi-objective continuous/discrete design variables in aircmit structure design, a Parallel Pareto Genetic Algorithm （PPGA） is presented based on grid platform in this paper. In the algorithm, the commercial finite element analysis （FEA） software is integrated as the calculating tool for analyzing the objective functions and the filter of Pareto solution set based on weight information is introduced to deal with the relationships among all objectives. Grid technology is utilized in PPGA to realize the distributed computations and the user interface is developed to realize the job submission and job management locally/remotely. Taking the aero-elastic tailoring of a composite wing for optimization as an example, a set of Pareto solutions are obtained for the decision-maker. The numerical results show that the aileron reversal problem can be solved by adding the limited skin weight in this system. The algorithm can be used to solve complicated topology optimization for composite structures in engineering and the computation efficiency can be improved greatly by using the grid platform that aggregates numerous idle resources.     

Interfacial Properties Modification of Carbon Fiber/ Polyarylacetylene Composites

This work was dedicated to performing surface oxidation and coating treatments on carbon fibers (CF) and investigating the changes of fiber surface properties after these treatments, including surface composition, relative volume of functional groups, and sur- face topography with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atom force microscopy (AFM) technology. The results show that, after oxidation treatments, interfacial properties between CF and non-polar polyarylacetylene (PAA) resin are remarkably modified by removing weak surface layers and increasing fiber surface roughness. Coating treatment by high char phenolic resin solution after oxida- tion makes interface of CF/PAA composites to be upgraded and the interfacial properties further bettered.     

Thermal Stresses and Cracks During the Growth of Large-sized Sapphire with SAPMAC Method

本文利用有限元法对冷心放肩微量提拉法(SAPMAC)生长大尺寸蓝宝石单晶过程中的热应力进行了模拟计算,应用临界缺陷理论解释了裂纹的萌生与扩展机理。研究表明,晶体内的热应力主要与晶体生长速率,环境温度和结晶取向有关;较大热应力多出现在结晶界面,放肩、收尾以及直径急剧变化等位置;最大热应力总是出现在籽晶与新生晶体的界面附近。裂纹将在临界缺陷位置产生,并在应力作用下沿a或m面扩展。计算结果与实验结果基本吻合,通过晶体生长系统和生长工艺的改进,对晶体的开裂问题得到了有效的抑制。     

FEM Analysis of Spring-backs in Age Forming of Aluminum Alloy Plates

The age forming technology, characterized by huge spring-backs, has been developed to manufacture large integral wing-skin panel parts, which necessitates devising a method of predicting spring-backs. A 7B04-T7451 aluminum alloy creep test in tension is accomplished at 155 ℃, and the creep curves are obtained. The material constants of the mechanism-based creep constitutive equations are determined through experiments. The age forming process and the spring-backs of 7B04 aluminum alloy plates are analyzed using the commercial finite element software ABAQUS. The effects of plate thickness and forming time on spring-backs are researched. The spring-backs decrease with the increase of plate thickness and forming time. The test results verify the reliability of the finite element method （FEM） analysis.     

压电式加速度传感器灵敏度校准虚拟仪器设计

虚拟仪器是计算机技术与仪器技术深层次结合产生的全新概念的仪器，它实现了测量仪器的智能化、多样化、模块化特点。在虚拟仪器的硬件平台确定后，选用LabVIEW软件作为虚拟仪器软件平台，并利用其图形化编程特点，在虚拟信号发生器程序设计基础上设计了传感器灵敏度校准程序，并应用该程序实现了压电式加速度传感器灵敏度校准。与使用传统仪器进行压电式加速度传感器校准相比，具有校准过程速度快、操作简单、且校准结果准确的特点。     

机器视觉导引系统中摄像机的标定方法

针对无人机(UAV)自主起飞与着陆机器视觉导引系统中摄像机的标定问题,讨论了标定摄像机内参数的重要意义,选定了包含畸变因素的摄像机透视投影模型。采用改进两步法进行摄像机内参数标定,结果中主要参数相对误差均小于1%,位置误差小于0.2像素,证明了所选择模型和标定方法的合理性。分析并验证了影响标定精度的因素,包括模型选择、图像拍摄质量和标定靶精度。针对机器视觉导引的应用条件,基本解决了准确、快速标定摄像机内参数的实际问题。     

发动机点火装置中的气压压力及气流压力校准

以压力传感器与数显仪表的测量原理为基础,简述了发动机点火装置中的气压压力及气流压力校准装置及校准方法,给出了测量不确定度的评定.