Effects of lighting and air movement on temperatures in reproductive organs of plants in a closed plant growth facility

Temperature increases in plant reproductive organs such as anthers and stigmas could cause fertility impediments and thus produce sterile seeds under artificial lighting conditions without adequately controlled environments in closed plant growth facilities. There is a possibility such a situation could occur in Bioregenerative Life Support Systems under microgravity conditions in space because there will be little natural convective or thermal mixing. This study was conducted to determine the temperature of the plant reproductive organs as affected by illumination and air movement under normal gravitational forces on the earth and to make an estimation of the temperature increase in reproductive organs in closed plant growth facilities under microgravity in space. Thermal images of reproductive organs of rice and strawberry were captured using infrared thermography at air temperatures of 10–11 °C. Compared to the air temperature, temperatures of petals, stigmas and anthers of strawberry increased by 24, 22 and 14 °C, respectively, after 5 min of lighting at an irradiance of 160 W m⁻² from incandescent lamps. Temperatures of reproductive organs and leaves of strawberry were significantly higher than those of rice. The temperatures of petals, stigmas, anthers and leaves of strawberry decreased by 13, 12, 13 and 14 °C, respectively, when the air velocity was increased from 0.1 to 1.0 ms⁻¹. These results show that air movement is necessary to reduce the temperatures of plant reproductive organs in plant growth facilities.     

GH4169合金蠕变疲劳行为的有限元模拟及寿命预测

考虑蠕变-疲劳损伤,对部件材料进行合理的循环变形描述和准确的寿命预测,是保证航空发动机等高温设备长周期安全运行需要解决的关键问题之一。基于大型有限元软件ABAQUS,采用组合Chaboche随动强化准则和Voce各向同性硬化准则的循环弹塑性本构模型,叠加应变强化的蠕变本构模型,对GH4169合金在蠕变-疲劳载荷下伴有应力松弛的循环变形行为进行了准确的有限元模拟。同时,将Wang等最新修正的基于逐周次概念的蠕变-疲劳损伤模型进行了有限元移植,结合有限元模拟所得的循环应力、应变状态,实现了对GH4169合金蠕变-疲劳寿命的准确预测。研究结果将为进一步实现对航空发动机关键部件精确的寿命预测提供理论基础和技术手段。     

总应变寿命方程中疲劳参数的确定和寿命预测

总结分析了多种寿命预测方法,给出了总应变寿命方程的4个材料参数:疲劳强度系数、疲劳延性系数、疲劳强度指数和疲劳延性指数的表达形式,从而提出了一种新的具有很好物理意义、工程意义和普适性的总应变寿命方程,并以6种典型的航空材料光滑试样(TC4(室温)、TC11(室温)、TC11(500℃)、GH901(300℃)、GH901(500℃)和GH4133B(600℃))的对称循环疲劳数据进行验证,获得了很好的疲劳寿命预测结果,其寿命预测结果大都在2倍分散带以内。对比分析了多种寿命预测方法所确定的4个疲劳参数,并且分析了5种断裂真应力表达形式所确定的疲劳强度系数,发现所提出确定断裂真应力的方法获得了较好的精度,与试验值相比,不超过其误差的15%,并且准确确定断裂真应力将会显著提高对中高寿命段的寿命预测精度。      

An adaptive-order particle filter for remaining useful life prediction of aviation piston pumps

An accurate estimation of the remaining useful life (RUL) not only contributes to an effective application of an aviation piston pump, but also meets the necessity of condition based maintenance (CBM). For the current RUL evaluation methods, a model-based method is inappropriate for the degradation process of an aviation piston pump due to difficulties of modeling, while a data-based method rarely presents high-accuracy prediction in a long period of time. In this work, an adaptive-order particle filter (AOPF) prognostic process is proposed aiming at improving long-term prediction accuracy of RUL by combining both kinds of methods. A dynamic model is initialized by a data-driven or empirical method. When a new observation comes, the prior state distribution is approximated by a current model. The order of the current model is updated adaptively by fusing the information of the observation. Monte Carlo simulation is employed for estimating the posterior probability density function of future states of the pump’s degradation. With updating the order number adaptively, the method presents a higher precision in contrast with those of traditional methods. In a case study, the proposed AOPF method is adopted to forecast the degradation status of an aviation piston pump with experimental return oil flow data, and the analytical results show the effectiveness of the proposed AOPF method.     

SEP数值法在寿命预测中的应用

 为了预测精密构件如涡轮盘材料的蠕变-疲劳寿命,经实践证明应变能区分法（SEP）优于应变范围区分法（SRP）,特别是对高强度低延性材料,SEP的优越性更明显。     

Corrosion and aging of organic aviation coatings: A review

Organic anticorrosive aviation coatings are an effective guarantee for aviation structure,since aircraft corrosion can lead to great economic losses. Whether it is during ground parking or air cruises, organic aviation coatings are important barriers to the corrosion of aviation structure.With the vigorous development of the aviation industry, organic aviation coatings continue to meet the challenges of diverse, complex, and harsh service environments. This review analyzes and summarizes the res...     

航天运载器的电气系统数字化研制技术

针对运载器电气系统的数字化,给出研制过程中层次的划分、研制的关键环节及相互关系,并对运载器电气系统的数字样机技术和产品全生命周期管理技术进行扼要的分析,最后给出完整的应用系统框架结构。为运载器的数字化研制作了重要的补充。     

一种单晶涡轮叶片热机械疲劳寿命评估方法

针对单晶涡轮叶片热机械疲劳(TMF)问题,围绕单晶涡轮叶片TMF试验,结合单晶变形、损伤理论及数值模拟,建立了一套单晶涡轮叶片TMF寿命评估方法.利用空心气冷涡轮叶片TMF试验系统,对单晶涡轮片考核截面在服役条件下所产生的交变应力场和交变温度场进行模拟,确定了裂纹萌生部位及其TMF寿命.考虑单晶涡轮叶片变形和损伤行为的特征,分别建立了基于滑移系的Walker黏塑性本构模型和基于临界平面的循环损伤累积(CDA)模型.利用上述本构和寿命模型,完成了单晶涡轮叶片TMF试验的数值模拟.结果表明:叶片理论危险点与试验结果一致,且计算寿命基本落在试验寿命的3倍分散带内.      

基于主成分分析的镍基单晶高温疲劳寿命模型

采用滑移平面作为临界平面,并以滑移平面上的细观参量作为损伤参量研究材料损伤行为能很好地体现镍基单晶破坏的物理机制.滑移平面上细观参量通过本构模型相互联系,存在较强的多重共线性,导致寿命建模时难以得到合理稳定的材料常数.为此,引入主成分分析方法消除初始细观参量间的多重共线性影响,确定了临界平面主导损伤因子,并基于主导损伤因子建立了寿命模型.对比直接采用初始细观参量建立的寿命模型,该模型形式更为简单,材料常数稳定、合理,反映了细观参量对镍基单晶损伤影响的量化特征.采用760℃与980℃下DD6高温疲劳试验结果对寿命模型进行验证,试验寿命基本落在预测寿命的3倍分散带内.      

随机载荷作用下机翼副油箱挂架的疲劳寿命分析及优化

对机翼13肋过渡梁及副油箱挂架进行了总体有限元分析,得到了后接头吊挂区为疲劳危险区域。在细节应力分析时,建立了轴承连接,得到了吊挂轴承开孔区的细节应力分布。以此静力结果为基础,编制随机疲劳载荷谱,使用FE-safe疲劳分析程序得到轴承开孔区的裂纹形成寿命,该寿命不满足飞机6000次起落的寿命目标。通过对后接头的耳片加宽至52mm,或者加厚至12mm时,可满足飞机的寿命目标。