某发动机涡轮叶片使用寿命可靠性分析

发动机的载荷谱是发动机结构寿命研究的依据.利用某短寿命发动机的开车数据,对其高压涡轮叶片使用寿命进行了预测.建立了发动机等效寿命消耗计算模型,采用数据压缩处理技术,有效地提取了发动机的工作载荷.根据发动机短使用寿命这一特点,用威布尔分布模型描述此发动机涡轮叶片寿命分布,建立了发动机寿命可靠性模型,采用不完全寿命数据的中位秩法对发动机叶片寿命进行可靠性计算.随着可靠性增长,发动机寿命不断提高,考虑样本的时效性,用动态的威布尔分布模型来描述此发动机可靠性的增长,以便发动机在研制过程中的可靠性评估.      

先进制造技术在航空装备制造中的应用及发展趋势

讨论了先进制造技术的内涵及其在航空装备制造中的发展趋势;归结了六大特性,即群体与动态的综合性、虚拟与现实的统一性、技术与管理的融合性、制造概念的系统性、材料成形机理的科学性、制造时效的生命周期性。     

Fatigue life research and experimental verification of superalloy thin-walled structures subjected to thermal-acoustic loads

Rapid alternating stress is formed in structure subjected to harsh thermal-acoustic loads, which will affect fatigue performance and reduce fatigue life seriously. First, fatigue experiment of superalloy thin-walled structure was carried out to obtain fatigue damage location and failure time of the experiment specimen, and S-N curves of superalloy thin-walled structure at 723 K were fitted. Then, dynamic response simulation of superalloy thin-walled structure under the same load as experiment was implemented, and fatigue life was estimated based on the fatigue life prediction model which mainly included: improved rain-flow counting method, Morrow average stress model and Miner linear cumulative damage theory. Further, comparisons between simulation solutions and experimental results achieved a consistency, which verified the validity of the Fatigue Life Prediction Model (FLPM). Moreover, taking a rectangle plate as the analysis object, the distributions of Fain-low circulation blocks and damage levels of the structure were discussed respectively. Finally, current research indicates that in pre-buckling the structure is in softened area and fatigue life decreases with the increase of temperature; in post-buckling the structure is in hardened area and fatigue life increases with the increase of temperature within a certain range.     

热处理对AZ80镁合金疲劳性能的影响

通过对AZ80镁合金进行总应变幅控制下的室温低周疲劳实验,研究其在热锻、时效态(T5)、固溶时效态(T6)三种不同热处理状态下的循环应力响应、疲劳寿命和循环应力-应变行为。结果表明:在三种不同的热处理制度下,AZ80镁合金大体上都表现为循环应变硬化现象;此外,AZ80镁合金的应变疲劳寿命与塑性应变幅、弹性应变幅之间的关系分别服从Coffin-Manson和Basquin关系式。随着外加总应变幅的不断增大,其疲劳寿命减少。在0.3%的最小外加总应变幅下,AZ80热锻态的疲劳寿命最长;在0.9%的最大外加总应变幅下,AZ80-T5的疲劳寿命最长,而热锻态最短。此外,对疲劳断口形貌的观察结果表明,疲劳裂纹萌生于疲劳试样表面,并以穿晶方式扩展。     

飞机单机寿命监控技术评述

单机寿命监控对挖掘每一架飞机的寿命潜力,保证飞机结构的使用安全,延长飞机服役期限具有重要的意义。飞机单机寿命监控从技术方式上分为四种:定期检查和维修,飞参数据监控,危险部位应变监控与飞参数据监控相结合,以智能材料为基础和结构的监控。首先回顾了飞机寿命监控的时间发展历程,并对每个阶段监控方式的优缺点进行了比较,表明随着硬件技术的进步监控方式在不断的进步,精度也越来越高;然后总结了在单机寿命监控发展过程中使用的四种监控技术方式及其优缺点,通过对几种技术方式的分析,认为依赖于智能材料的飞机健康监测系统的监控将是未来单机寿命监控的发展方向。     

高温低周疲劳-蠕变的改进型广义应变能损伤函数方法

通过对广义应变能损伤函数(GSEDF)法进行分析,用非弹性应变能表征低周疲劳(LCF)损伤,提出了一种高温低周疲劳-蠕变(LCF-C)寿命预测的改进型GSEDF模型,修正了GSEDF法中的能量参数,使其与工程实际更吻合.所提出的模型具有模型参数少、适用性广和试验数据利用率高等优点,且能综合反映加载方式、保载时间和平均应...     

基于无线射频标签技术在民用飞机维修的研究

介绍了射频识别读写器的组成和工作原理,"基于RFID的民用飞行维修系统"是一个集"智能数据库技术、射频识别技术、安全技术与网络技术、有线及无线网络技术"等高新技术与实用技术为一体的监测与管理信息系统.该系统把飞行安全检测、飞机部件全程追踪、基于网络的信息平台集成与管理等有机结合.技术领域交叉、研究成果实用.将RFID技...     

Plants + soil/wetland microbes: Food crop systems that also clean air and water

The limitations that will govern bioregenerative life support applications in space, especially volume and weight, make multi-purpose systems advantageous. This paper outlines two systems which utilize plants and associated microbial communities of root or growth medium to both produce food crops and clean air and water. Underlying these approaches are the large numbers and metabolic diversity of microbes associated with roots and found in either soil or other suitable growth media. Biogeochemical cycles have microbial links and the ability of microbes to metabolize virtually all trace gases, whether of technogenic or biogenic origin, has long been established. Wetland plants and the rootzone microbes of wetland soils/media also been extensively researched for their ability to purify wastewaters of a great number of potential water pollutants, from nutrients like N and P, to heavy metals and a range of complex industrial pollutants. There is a growing body of research on the ability of higher plants to purify air and water. Associated benefits of these approaches is that by utilizing natural ecological processes, the cleansing of air and water can be done with little or no energy inputs. Soil and rootzone microorganisms respond to changing pollutant types by an increase of the types of organisms with the capacity to use these compounds. Thus living systems have an adaptive capacity as long as the starting populations are sufficiently diverse. Tightly sealed environments, from office buildings to spacecraft, can have hundreds or even thousands of potential air pollutants, depending on the materials and equipment enclosed. Human waste products carry a plethora of microbes which are readily used in the process of converting its organic load to forms that can be utilized by green plants. Having endogenous means of responding to changing air and water quality conditions represents safety factors as these systems operate without the need for human intervention. We review this research and the ability of systems using these mechanisms to also produce food or other useful crops. Concerns about possible pathogens in soils and wastewater are discussed along with some methods to prevent contact, disease transmission and to pre-screen and decrease risks. The psychological benefits of having systems utilizing green plants are becoming more widely recognized. Some recent applications extending the benefits of plants and microbes to solve new environmental problems are presented. For space applications, we discuss the use of in situ space resources and ways of making these systems compact and light-weight.     

目标成本管理在汽车零部件行业应用研究

汽车零部件行业生命周期相对固定、事先确定销售价格、产量预测较为明确等特点使该行业具有目标成本管理的先天优势。而一个产品在生命期必然面对客户每年提出的降价要求,因此如果简单地运用目标价格扣减目标利润的公式难以真正实现产品盈利的目标。文章认为目标成本的确定应该结合产品生命期内的现金流分析,在满足项目评价指标的前提下,在整个生命期内对产品进行成本规划。文章以KD公司为案例企业,对其基于产品生命期现金流的目标成本管理的具体应用方法进行了研究,肯定了其取得的良好效果。     

对高温低周疲劳寿命预测模型的评价

高温低周劳寿命预测方法对于承受变幅载荷的高温构件的设计具有重要意义。本文系统介绍了迄今这方面所取得的研究成果，特别对目前在国内外影响较大的ＳＲＰ等几个ＨＬＦ寿命预测的经典参数模型和近些年发展起来的预测ＨＬＦ寿命的损伤力学方法作了较为详细的评价，并指出存在问题和研究方向。