某型飞机液压导管延寿研究

针对某型飞机液压导管延寿问题。通过故障模式分析,研究使用环境对导管寿命的影响,对到寿导管进行疲劳试验,结合结构、脉动应力和可靠性进行分析,论证了导管实际寿命潜力满足延寿要求的能力。     

液体火箭发动机推力室喉部结构热疲劳寿命预估研究

为了准确预估液体火箭发动机推力室喉部结构的热疲劳寿命,采用热-力耦合方法对推力室喉部结构在整个循环加载过程中的变形进行数值模拟。以最危险的温度最高和变形最大处为考察点,在多次循环载荷下,综合运用循环疲劳和准静态疲劳理论,对数值计算结果进行分析,预估了结构的热疲劳寿命。研究表明:单次循环下,喉部结构寿命预估值最小,偏保守和安全,因而推荐工程设计和工程应用最优先参考。     

多重应力下滚动轴承剩余寿命预测

为了实现多重应力下滚动轴承的剩余寿命预测,有效利用不用应力下的退化数据,提出了一种基于加速模型和贝叶斯（Bayesian）理论的滚动轴承剩余寿命预测方法。通过拟合优度检验和威布尔（Weibull）概率图检验法对滚动轴承试验中的数据进行有效性分析。利用switching Kalman filters(SKF)判断滚动轴承各时刻的退化状态。当滚动轴承进入加速退化时,用指数模型拟合轴承退化过程,利用广义线性对数模型表示退化模型参数与应力的关系,根据修正后的轴承实时退化数据利用贝叶斯算法更新模型参数,得到滚动轴承剩余寿命的概率密度函数,从而实现滚动轴承剩余寿命预测。采用XJTU-SY轴承数据集进行验证,预测结果的均方根误差在20 min以内,证明该方法能够有效预测滚动轴承的剩余寿命。     

G-16EP通用航空电瓶充放电及寿命研究

为了对G-16EP型电瓶进行维护和保养,根据电瓶厂家规定和适航规范,总结了该型电瓶的充电和容量测试（放电）方法,指出了影响电瓶寿命的主要因素,为该型号电瓶的维护提供了参考。     

飞行器智能设计愿景与关键问题

未来飞行器正朝着多元化、无人化和智能化的方向发展,高超声速、超隐身和变体等新型飞行器不断涌现。而传统飞行器解耦分拆的设计方法越来越难以满足未来飞行器综合性能全面提升的要求,只有通过整体化设计才能充分发掘飞行器的潜能。通过分析传统飞行器设计中存在的问题,提出满足全生命周期要求的飞行器智能设计体系理念,利用知识库的构建将智能赋予飞行器平台系统设计、制造生产和运维这3个阶段,并通过数字孪生技术进行飞行器全生命周期的仿真、分析和预测,以对飞行器设计、运行等数据进行更新,使该体系形成闭环。就飞行器智能设计体系中需要的关键技术及涉及的科学问题等进行了讨论,并给出了未来发展方向以供参考。     

应力比对不锈钢焊接接头疲劳寿命的影响研究

针对0Cr18Ni9不锈钢薄板焊接接头,开展了高周疲劳性能测试,研究了应力比对其疲劳极限和疲劳寿命S-N曲线的影响。结果表明应力比对疲劳寿命有较大的影响,在最大应力一定的情况下,应力比越大其疲劳寿命越大。基于试验结果,得到了反映应力比影响的0Cr18Ni9不锈钢薄板焊接接头Goodman修正和Walker修正的高周疲劳寿命预测模型。模型的预估寿命和试验数据对比表明,Walker修正模型对疲劳寿命的预测结果全部处于1.0倍分散带以内,其更能反映应力比对0Cr18Ni9不锈钢薄板焊接接头疲劳寿命的影响。     

多轴疲劳寿命分析方法在飞机结构上的应用

针对飞机结构上常见的处于多轴应力应变(比例多轴)状态下的典型结构,采用3种多轴疲劳寿命分析模型,对该结构的疲劳危险部位进行疲劳寿命分析,并与单轴寿命分析方法的分析结果、疲劳试验结果进行了对比分析。首先对该结构进行细节有限元计算,确定结构的应力分布与应力水平,当载荷施加到88%的最大一级的峰值载荷时,疲劳危险部位的孔边即出现显著的塑性应变,因此,选用低周疲劳(LCF)寿命预测模型进行分析。选取的3种分析模型均是基于临界面的分析模型,分别是Wang-Shang模型、Smith-Watson-Topper(SWT)模型以及Morrow-Brown-Miller模型。为验证分析模型工程适用性,开展了该结构的多轴疲劳试验。与试验结果相比,3种分析模型的预测结果均偏大,其中Wang-Shang模型的预测结果最接近试验值,适用于本文这类结构;SWT模型和Morrow-Brown-Miller模型的预测结果误差相对较大。对于处于多轴载荷状态下的结构,应按照多轴疲劳寿命分析方法进行寿命预测,单轴疲劳寿命分析方法将给出过于危险的评定结果。      

基于故障行为模型的产品寿命分析方法

针对传统可靠性工程方法无法满足高可靠长寿命需求产品设计与分析要求的现状。本文充分考虑引起产品寿命分散性的内因和外因的不确定性,在产品功能模型或数字样机模型的基础上,结合产品的故障行为模型,建立了一种基于产品故障行为模型的产品寿命分析方法。在该方法中,内因参数与外因参数的分散性分别可以用相应的概率密度函数来表示,都是通过对实际使用情况和生产条件的估计得到的,因此,按照这种方法评估得到的产品寿命特征,能够弥补基于故障物理的可靠性预计方法无法体现产品正常使用条件的不足。      

Conceptual design of a bioregenerative life support system containing crops and silkworms

This article summarizes a conceptual design of a bioregenerative life support system for permanent lunar base or planetary exploration. The system consists of seven compartments – higher plants cultivation, animal rearing, human habitation, water recovery, waste treatment, atmosphere management, and storages. Fifteen kinds of crops, such as wheat, rice, soybean, lettuce, and mulberry, were selected as main life support contributors to provide the crew with air, water, and vegetable food. Silkworms fed by crop leaves were designated to produce partial animal nutrition for the crew. Various physical-chemical and biological methods were combined to reclaim wastewater and solid waste. Condensate collected from atmosphere was recycled into potable water through granular activated carbon adsorption, iodine sterilization, and trace element supplementation. All grey water was also purified though multifiltration and ultraviolet sterilization. Plant residue, human excrement, silkworm feces, etc. were decomposed into inorganic substances which were finally absorbed by higher plants. Some meat, ingredients, as well as nitrogen fertilizer were prestored and resupplied periodically. Meanwhile, the same amount and chemical composition of organic waste was dumped to maintain the steady state of the system. A nutritional balanced diet was developed by means of the linear programming method. It could provide 2721 kcal of energy, 375.5 g of carbohydrate, 99.47 g of protein, and 91.19 g of fat per capita per day. Silkworm powder covered 12.54% of total animal protein intakes. The balance of material flows between compartments was described by the system of stoichiometric equations. Basic life support requirements for crews including oxygen, food, potable and hygiene water summed up to 29.68 kg per capita per day. The coefficient of system material closure reached 99.40%.