Statistical properties of fatigue damage of Gaussian random loadings

Firstly, the fatigue damages associated with the random loadings were always deemed as high-cycle or very-high-cycle fatigue problems, and based on Chebyshev theorem, the number of rainflow cycles in a given time interval could be recognized as a constant by neglecting its randomness. Secondly, the randomness of fatigue damage induced by the distribution of rainflow cycles was analyzed. According to central limit theorem, the fatigue damage could be assumed to follow Gaussian distribution, and the statistical parameters: mean and variance, were derived from Dirlik's solution. Finally, the proposed method was used to a simulate Gaussian random loading and the measured random loading from an aircraft. Comparisons with observed results were carried out extensively. In the first example, the relative errors of the proposed method are 2.29%, 3.52% and 1.16% for the mean, standard deviation and variation coefficient of fatigue damage, respectively. In the second example, these relative errors are 11.70%, 173.32% and 18.20%, and the larger errors are attributable to non-stationary state of the measured loading to some extent.      

激光焊接带口盖加筋壁板剪切性能分析

针对双光束激光焊接带口盖加筋壁板开展了剪切稳定性试验,分析了带口盖加筋壁板在受剪状态下的屈曲载荷、屈曲形式、后屈曲承载能力及破坏形式。建立了壁板与剪切夹具的有限元模型,对壁板的剪切失稳形式及后屈曲承载能力进行仿真计算,并探究了口盖对加筋壁板的承载能力、应力变化及面外变形的影响。结果表明:带口盖加筋壁板在剪切状态下,当屈曲比达到1.95时,加筋壁板进入后屈曲,最终破坏载荷约为屈曲载荷的2.98倍。仿真与试验得到的载荷-位移曲线较为吻合,有限元法得到的屈曲载荷和破坏载荷与试验平均值误差分别为8.7%、1.02%。开口壁板的承载能力及刚度均下降,螺栓紧固口盖对加筋壁板的应力与面外变形影响较大。      

基于局部屈曲、压损载荷的帽型长桁截面优化设计

由于帽型长桁的截面尺寸较大,其两边突缘与蒙皮相连形成一个闭合截面,具有很高的受压稳定性,因此被广泛应用于复合材料机身壁板。在局部屈曲和压损载荷下,用MATLAB线性优化帽型长桁截面尺寸,并得出帽型长桁局部屈曲载荷与帽底宽度,帽腰和帽底夹角的关系曲线;压损载荷与帽底宽度,帽腰和帽底夹角的关系曲线,为设计师在初步尺寸设计时提供参考。     

循环加载下复合推进剂的能量耗散

在空空导弹的挂载飞行阶段,弹体高频振动导致的固体推进剂温升极大地损害了固体火箭发动机的性能。为深入探究固体推进剂的能量耗散及其影响因素,针对某复合推进剂进行了不同应变幅值下的多频率疲劳测试,并利用非接触式红外辐射装置同步采集了循环加载下推进剂试件的表面温度,讨论了频率、应变幅值两个因素对复合推进剂能量耗散的影响。结果发现,复合推进剂由于自身的黏滞性,在外部激励下产生了剧烈的疲劳生热行为,其能量耗散密度随着加载幅值和频率的增大而提高,能量耗散带来的试件表面温度呈现出先增大后稳定的规律。根据能量耗散和温度场方程,建立了复合推进剂疲劳过程中的温升计算模型,利用有限元仿真对不同加载条件下推进剂的滞后温升进行了较好的预测。     

Simplification approaches for multi-level load spectra by using equivalent damage rule

Reasonable and effective fatigue load spectrum is key of aircraft structural fatigue test. Two kinds of load spectra simplification approaches based on statistical consistent fatigue damage model are proposed in the paper. One method is to simplify the original multi-level load spectra to spectral load with fewer level and was verified by the experimental data of five levels and seven levels load spectra. The equivalent damage here is not equivalent fatigue life, but equivalent number of spectral blocks. Moreover, it was proved that a section of low stress load cannot be converted into the highest stress load considering equivalent damage. The other is to convert the life distribution under multi-level load spectra into that of constant amplitude spectrum according to a certain principle, that is, equivalent damage is achieved through equivalent fatigue life, and two groups of three levels spectral data were used for experimental verification. The results show that equivalent damage simplification approach of multi-level load spectra is feasible, and it achieve that the damage of one loading block before and after the simplification is equal in probability statistics. The life distribution of load simplified as constant amplitude spectrum is consistent with test data. The simplification method presented in this paper can be generalized and is a predictive engineering method which does not depend on experimental data.     

比例加载下应力幅比对2A12-T4疲劳寿命的影响

采用2A12-T4铝合金漏斗形试件,针对不同拉扭应力幅比,进行了比例加载下多轴高周疲劳寿命试验,研究了不同应力幅比对多轴高周疲劳寿命的影响.针对试验结果,采用3种常用的多轴高周疲劳寿命预测模型,包括等效应力准则、应力不变量准则、临界面准则进行了预测.结果表明:在相同的Von-Mises等效应力下,随着扭转应力幅与拉压应力幅比值的增大,疲劳寿命逐渐升高.等效应力准则的预测结果或过于危险,或过于安全;应力不变量准则的预测结果认为应力幅比的变化对疲劳失效没有影响,与试验结果不符;临界面准则的预测结果优于其他准则.     

复合材料格栅结构屈曲特性分析

复合材料格栅结构是由连续纤维缠绕的斜向及环向肋和蒙皮组成的结构.基于Mindlin一阶剪切变形理论下的层合板和层合梁单元,模拟格栅结构的蒙皮和肋骨,通过空间坐标变换和利用蒙皮和肋骨的几何连续条件,获得了复合材料格栅结构的单元切线刚度阵,并给出了复合材料格栅结构的屈曲有限元数值模拟方法.通过对设计状态的复合材料格栅结构的计算分析,并与实际轴压试验结果比对,,证明该计算方法可行,能够满足结构屈曲特性分析的要求.     

一种V形梁结构的双稳态惯性开关

 利用V形梁结构的双稳态跳转特性,设计了一种具有显著阈值特性的双稳态惯性开关,并建立了阻尼力、惯性力、弹性力及触点碰撞力等多力耦合作用下的开关动力学模型。开关结构主要由触点、弹性元件及其支撑的惯性质量块构成。动态仿真及实验结果表明开关具有良好的阈值特性。采用离心测试装置测得开关闭合阈值为9.6g,与设计值10g的偏差仅为4％,断开阈值为-3.1g,开关响应时间低于5 ms, 闭合后在零惯性力作用下仍能使开关保持闭合状态,验证了V形梁结构惯性开关设计理论的有效性和可行性,因而在航空、航天及汽车电子安全领域具有广阔的应用前景。     

背压加载在作动筒耐久试验中的应用

介绍背压加载装置在Ｋ８、ＪＬ８飞机收放作动筒耐久循环试验中的应用。该背压加载装置具有结构简单、试验成本低的特点,而且不受温度变化的影响,能给作动筒加恒定载荷。     

基于分布式激励的多激励源联合控制试验方法

针对高速飞行器运行过程中经受的振动环境复杂而现有的振动试验技术无法对其进行充分的振动耐久性考核的问题,提出了一种压电元件、振动台、激振器联合控制的振动试验技术.该方法将激振器、振动台安放在结构刚性较大的骨架位置以提供集中力,压电元件则分布黏贴于结构刚性较小的柔性部位以提供分布式激振力.分析了高速飞行器运行过程中的振动环境特点以及这些环境对高速飞行器产生失效的影响,并基于对压电元件材料以及激励特性的研究,分析了压电元件作为耐久性振动试验分布式激励源的可行性,最后组建完成一套集成压电元件、振动台、激振器三种激励源的试验演示系统并开展试验研究.试验结果显示,应用该方法可控制结构柔性部位上一点的振动量级达到20.8g,表明了该技术的科学性以及巨大的工程应用潜力.